Climate change and displacement: protecting 'climate refugees' within a framework of justice and human rights
Climate change and displacement: protecting 'climate refugees' within a framework of justice and human rights
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DOI：
10.4337/jhre.2020.01.04
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Atapattu, Sumudu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Atapattu, Sumudu
气候变化的深远影响之一与人们被迫流离失所有关。气候引起的移民是一个非常复杂的问题。 《纽约难民和移民宣言》指出，移民的原因多种多样，包括武装冲突、贫困、粮食不安全、迫害、恐怖主义、侵犯人权、气候变化和自然灾害。尽管 1990 年第一份 IPCC 报告承认气候变化最大的单一影响可能是对人类移民的影响，但气候谈判者花了二十多年的时间才将流离失所问题纳入气候文件中。本文讨论了复杂性、规模和流离失所情景，特别关注小岛屿国家的困境以及气候-冲突-流离失所的关系。它分析了国际法下适用于政治难民的法律制度以及当前气候难民方面的法律空白。它调查了最近的发展情况，包括全球移民契约和气候迁移特别工作组。本文认为，现行人权法虽然提供了一定的保护，但还不够，国际社会应采取紧急行动，制定法律制度来保护气候移民的权利。对于小岛屿国家的居民来说尤其如此，他们将被迫迁移，因为他们的国家正在“消失”。文章认为，主要排放国有法律义务帮助气候流离失所者，特别是小岛屿国家的居民。
One of the far-reaching consequences of climate change relates to the forced displacement of people. Climate-induced migration is a very complex issue. The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants noted the varied reasons for migration as being armed conflict, poverty, food insecurity, persecution, terrorism, human rights violations, climate change and natural disasters. Despite the recognition in the very first IPCC report in 1990 that the greatest single impact of climate change could be on human migration, it took climate negotiators over two decades to include displacement in climate documents. This article discusses complexity, scale and displacement scenarios, paying particular attention to the plight of small island states and to the climate-conflict-displacement nexus. It analyses the legal regime applicable to political refugees under international law and the current legal lacuna with regard to climate refugees. It surveys recent developments including the Global Compact on Migration, and the Task Force on Climate Displacement. This article argues that while current human rights law provides some protection, it is insufficient, and that the international community should take urgent action to design a legal regime to protect the rights of climate displacees. This is especially true of inhabitants of small island states who will be forced to move because their states are 'disappearing'. The article argues that major emitters owe a legal duty to help climate displacees and especially the inhabitants of small island states.