A multiple-smoker model for predicting indoor air quality in public lounges
A multiple-smoker model for predicting indoor air quality in public lounges
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DOI：
10.1021/es960067f
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发表时间：
1996-09-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Switzer, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klepeis, NE;Ott, WR;Switzer, P
研究人员开发了一个多吸烟者数学模型，用于预测室内每分钟的时间序列和环境烟草烟雾（ETS）的时间平均污染物浓度，并对旧金山湾区两个国际机场的玻璃封闭公共吸烟休息室进行了10次访问。该模型基于质量平衡方程，并使用活跃吸烟者的数量作为输入。将其预测结果与一氧化碳（GO）和可吸入悬浮颗粒（RSP）的时间序列测量结果进行比较。RSP的实验时间序列是通过在休息室的三个宽间隔位置的监视器上平均读数（平均2分钟）来确定的。在10次访问中的8次中，每2-3分钟从房间中央的单个监测器测量一次瞬时CO浓度。在测量空气交换率的两次访问中，发现每支香烟CO和RSP的平均排放率分别为11.9和1.43 mg/min，这与文献中其他地方报告的值一致。观察到的RSP和CO浓度时间序列平均值与模型预测的所有研究访问的平均浓度之间存在极好的一致性（0-12%的误差）。观测时间序列和预测时间序列之间的回归结果也很好。在房间内三个间隔较宽的位置测量的RSP浓度的时间平均值与整个房间的平均浓度之间的平均差异约为12%。这些结果表明，该模型可以被人类暴露评估者和吸烟休息室设计师用来预测人们在典型持续时间内的平均暴露。
A mathematical multiple-smoker model for predicting the minute-by-minute indoor time series and time-averaged pollutant concentrations from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was developed and tested during 10 visits to glass-enclosed public smoking lounges at two international airports in the San Francisco Bay Area. The model is based on the mass balance equation and uses counts of active smokers as input. Its predictions were compared with the time series measurements of carbon monoxide (GO) and respirable suspended particles (RSP). The experimental time series for RSP was determined by averaging the readings (2-min averages) from monitors at three widely-spaced locations in the lounge. At 8 out of the 10 visits, instantaneous CO concentrations also were measured every 2-3 min from a single monitor at the center of the room. The average emission rates per cigarette for CO and RSP for two visits in which the air exchange rates were measured were found to be 11.9 and 1.43 mg/min, respectively, which are consistent with values reported elsewhere in the literature. There was excellent agreement (0-12% error) between the observed RSP and CO concentration time series average and average concentrations predicted by the model for all study visits. Regression results between observed and predicted time series were also excellent. The average difference between the time-averaged RSP concentrations measured at the three widely spaced locations in the room and the average concentration across the room was about 12%. These results suggest that the model can be used by human exposure assessors and smoking lounge designers to predict the average exposures that people will experience for visits of typical duration.