Gene targeting, genome editing: from Dolly to editors.
Gene targeting, genome editing: from Dolly to editors.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11248-016-9932-x
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Whitelaw CB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tan W;Proudfoot C;Lillico SG;Whitelaw CB
作为科学家，我们在研究生物学方面最强大的策略之一是，能够在有机体之间以受控和有意的方式转移遗传物质。当应用于家畜时，可以设计出值得商业冒险的应用。虽然最初用于产生转基因家畜的方法导致了随机的转基因插入，但SCNT技术的发展使同源重组基因打靶策略得以在家畜中使用。使用这种方法已经完成了很多工作。然而，现在我们有能力改变基因组中的特定碱基，而不会留下任何其他DNA标记，不需要转基因。随着基因组编辑的出现，这现在成为可能，就像其他重大的技术飞跃一样，结果是可能的应用更加多样化。事实上，在短短5年的时间里，这些分子剪刀已经使300多只经过不同编辑的猪、牛、绵羊和山羊得以生产出来。基因组编辑的出现将家畜基因工程带入了这样一个境地：工业界、公众和政界人士都渴望看到真正使用转基因家畜来满足社会需求。自从三十多年前报道了第一批转基因家畜以来，家畜生物技术领域已经取得了长足的进步--但最令人兴奋的时期才刚刚开始。
One of the most powerful strategies to investigate biology we have as scientists, is the ability to transfer genetic material in a controlled and deliberate manner between organisms. When applied to livestock, applications worthy of commercial venture can be devised. Although initial methods used to generate transgenic livestock resulted in random transgene insertion, the development of SCNT technology enabled homologous recombination gene targeting strategies to be used in livestock. Much has been accomplished using this approach. However, now we have the ability to change a specific base in the genome without leaving any other DNA mark, with no need for a transgene. With the advent of the genome editors this is now possible and like other significant technological leaps, the result is an even greater diversity of possible applications. Indeed, in merely 5 years, these ‘molecular scissors’ have enabled the production of more than 300 differently edited pigs, cattle, sheep and goats. The advent of genome editors has brought genetic engineering of livestock to a position where industry, the public and politicians are all eager to see real use of genetically engineered livestock to address societal needs. Since the first transgenic livestock reported just over three decades ago the field of livestock biotechnology has come a long way—but the most exciting period is just starting.