Human preferences are biased towards associative information
Human preferences are biased towards associative information
复制标题
人类偏好偏向于关联信息
DOI：
10.1080/02699931.2014.966064
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
M. Bar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Trapp;A. Shenhav;Sebastian Bitzer;M. Bar
有充分的证据表明，大脑会产生有助于解释感官输入的预测。为了建立这样的预测，大脑利用了所学到的统计规律和关联（例如，“A”后面跟着“B”；“C”和“D”一起出现）。预测对心理活动的中心性产生了一种假设，即具有预测价值的联想信息被认为具有内在价值。这样的价值将确保这些信息被主动搜索，从而促进我们环境的确定性和稳定性。因此，我们在这里测试，在其他条件相同的情况下，参与者是否更喜欢包含更多而不是更少联想信息的刺激。在实验1和2中，我们使用了新颖的、无意义的视觉形状，结果表明，参与者更喜欢联想形状，而不是在训练过程中与其他形状没有关联的形状。在实验3中，我们使用了真实世界物体的图片，再次证明了人们对能引发更强联想的刺激的偏好。这些结果支持了我们的建议，即预测性信息被有效地标记，并增强了我们对日常偏好形成的理解。
There is ample evidence that the brain generates predictions that help interpret sensory input. To build such predictions the brain capitalizes upon learned statistical regularities and associations (e.g., “A” is followed by “B”; “C” appears together with “D”). The centrality of predictions to mental activities gave rise to the hypothesis that associative information with predictive value is perceived as intrinsically valuable. Such value would ensure that this information is proactively searched for, thereby promoting certainty and stability in our environment. We therefore tested here whether, all else being equal, participants would prefer stimuli that contained more rather than less associative information. In Experiments 1 and 2 we used novel, meaningless visual shapes and showed that participants preferred associative shapes over shapes that had not been associated with other shapes during training. In Experiment 3 we used pictures of real-world objects and again demonstrated a preference for stimuli that elicit stronger associations. These results support our proposal that predictive information is affectively tagged, and enhance our understanding of the formation of everyday preferences.