Does the spatial arrangement of urban landscape matter? examples of urban warming and cooling in phoenix and las vegas
Does the spatial arrangement of urban landscape matter? examples of urban warming and cooling in phoenix and las vegas
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DOI：
10.1890/ehs14-0028.1
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
S. Myint;B. Zheng;E. Talen;C. Fan;S. Kaplan;Ariane Middel;Martin Smith;Huei-Ping Huang;A. Br
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Myint;B. Zheng;E. Talen;C. Fan;S. Kaplan;Ariane Middel;Martin Smith;Huei-Ping Huang;A. Br
摘要：本研究探讨了美国亚利桑那州凤凰城和内华达州拉斯维加斯的空间景观配置（例如，聚集、分散）对地表温度（LST）的影响。我们使用 3 米分辨率的 Geoeye-1（拉斯维加斯）和 2.4 米分辨率的 QuickBird（凤凰城），通过基于对象的图像分析 (OBIA) 对详细的土地覆盖类型进行了分类。然后使用空间自相关（局部 Moran's I）来测试空间依赖性并确定如何排列聚集或分散的点。接下来，我们使用在凤凰城（6月10日白天和2011年10月17日夜间）和拉斯维加斯（7月6日白天和2005年8月27日夜间）上获取的先进星载热发射和反射辐射计（ASTER）数据来检查白天和夜间地表温度的人为和植被特征的空间排列。每种土地覆盖类型的当地 Moran's I 值在空间上与地表温度相关。草和树木的空间配置与地表温度呈现出很强的负相关性，这意味着植被聚集可以更有效地降低地表温度。相比之下，人为土地覆盖类型的聚集空间排列，尤其是不透水表面和开放土壤，会提高地表温度。这些发现表明，城市规划者和管理者应在可能的情况下，将丛生的草和树纳入其中，以驱散未经管理的土壤和铺砌的表面，并用植被填充开放的未经管理的土壤。我们的研究结果与国家努力增强和加强绿色基础设施、完善街道、停车管理和以交通为导向的开发实践以及减少杂乱无章、不适合步行的住房开发的努力相一致。
Abstract This study examines the impact of spatial landscape configuration (e.g., clustered, dispersed) on land‐surface temperatures (LST) over Phoenix, Arizona, and Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. We classified detailed land‐cover types via object‐based image analysis (OBIA) using Geoeye‐1 at 3‐m resolution (Las Vegas) and QuickBird at 2.4‐m resolution (Phoenix). Spatial autocorrelation (local Moran's I) was then used to test for spatial dependence and to determine how clustered or dispersed points were arranged. Next, we used Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data acquired over Phoenix (daytime on 10 June and nighttime on 17 October 2011) and Las Vegas (daytime on 6 July and nighttime on 27 August 2005) to examine day‐ and nighttime LST with regard to the spatial arrangement of anthropogenic and vegetation features. Local Moran's I values of each land‐cover type were spatially correlated to surface temperature. The spatial configuration of grass and trees shows strong negative correlations with LST, implying that clustered vegetation lowers surface temperatures more effectively. In contrast, clustered spatial arrangements of anthropogenic land‐cover types, especially impervious surfaces and open soil, elevate LST. These findings suggest that city planners and managers should, where possible, incorporate clustered grass and trees to disperse unmanaged soil and paved surfaces, and fill open unmanaged soil with vegetation. Our findings are in line with national efforts to augment and strengthen green infrastructure, complete streets, parking management, and transit‐oriented development practices, and reduce sprawling, unwalkable housing development.