The LED Paradox: How Light Pollution Challenges Experts to Reconsider Sustainable Lighting
The LED Paradox: How Light Pollution Challenges Experts to Reconsider Sustainable Lighting
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DOI：
10.3390/su11216160
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Dannemann, Etta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schulte-Roemer, Nona;Meier, Josiane;Dannemann, Etta
进入21世纪，“可持续照明”的概念与LED技术紧密相关。在过去的十年中，世界各地的市政当局和私人灯光用户在城市空间和公共街道上安装了发光二极管，以节省能源。然而，越来越多的跨学科研究表明，看似可持续的 LED 装置实际上是不可持续的，因为它们会增加光污染。矛盾的是，富含蓝光的冷白光 LED 照明虽然是最节能的，但似乎也是最不环保的。生物学家、医生和生态学家警告说，富含蓝光的 LED 灯会扰乱包括人类在内的生物体的昼夜节律，对单个物种和整个生态系统的健康产生潜在的负面影响。悖论可以解决吗？本文基于我们的跨学科研究项目“光污染——全球讨论”来探讨这个问题。它揭示了光污染专家和照明专业人士如何从不同的角度看待LED照明的挑战和潜力。该专家反馈表明，“可持续 LED 照明”远远超出了能源效率的范围，因为它提出了复杂的设计问题，需要利益相关者进行谈判。它还表明 LED 悖论可以在上下文中得到解决，但很难在原则上得到解决。
In the 21st century, the notion of "sustainable lighting" is closely associated with LED technology. In the past ten years, municipalities and private light users worldwide have installed light-emitting diodes in urban spaces and public streets to save energy. Yet an increasing body of interdisciplinary research suggests that supposedly sustainable LED installations are in fact unsustainable, because they increase light pollution. Paradoxically, blue-rich cool-white LED lighting, which is the most energy-efficient, also appears to be the most ecologically unfriendly. Biologists, physicians and ecologists warn that blue-rich LED light disturbs the circadian day-and-night rhythm of living organisms, including humans, with potential negative health effects on individual species and whole ecosystems. Can the paradox be solved? This paper explores this question based on our transdisciplinary research project Light Pollution-A Global Discussion. It reveals how light pollution experts and lighting professionals see the challenges and potential of LED lighting from their different viewpoints. This expert feedback shows that "sustainable LED lighting" goes far beyond energy efficiency as it raises complex design issues that imply stakeholder negotiation. It also suggests that the LED paradox may be solved in context, but hardly in principle.