Characterization of pollen dispersion in the neighborhood of Tokyo, Japan in the spring of 2005 and 2006.
Characterization of pollen dispersion in the neighborhood of Tokyo, Japan in the spring of 2005 and 2006.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph5020076
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yoshizumi, Kunio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ishibashi, Yoshinaga;Ohno, Hideki;Yoshizumi, Kunio
通过测量室外和室内环境中不同采样点的分散特性，研究了城市地区日本柳杉（Cryptomeria japonica）和日本扁柏（Chamaecyparis obtusa）花粉的行为。在日本东京及其周边地区，在 2005 年和 2006 年的日本柳杉花粉季节和日本扁柏季节，采用达勒姆花粉捕捉法对空气中的花粉进行了连续三个月的计数。与过去 20 年来报道的结果相比，2005 年共立女子大学屋顶的花粉扩散程度极高。至于日本柳杉花粉，在2005年3月18日观测到的最高水平为440个计数·厘米(-2)·天(-1)。将后期在该地区散布的日本柳杉花粉与日本柳杉花粉的散布情况进行了比较。 2005年4月7日观测到的最大扩散量为351个cm(-2)·天(-1)。2005年三个月(2月、3月和4月)日本柳杉和日本扁柏花粉的累计扩散总量分别为5,552个和1,552个cm(-2)。然而，2006 年这两种花粉的传播量都非常低。 2006年三个月（2月、3月、4月）期间，柳杉和扁柏花粉的累计扩散量分别为421和98个cm(-2)。此外，在城市地区行走的人身上的花粉沉积表明，与肩膀、背部和腿部的花粉数量相比，脚部的花粉数量极高。这些发现表明，花粉首先落在铺好的道路表面，反弹到周围空气中，并再次沉积在居民身上。此外，还对2005年3月15日至16日和2006年3月14日至15日南关东地区花粉总扩散量的区域分布进行了分析。虽然2005年的花粉水平远高于2006年，但普遍观察到边远地区的花粉数量较高。也就是说，城市地区的花粉计数被证实处于较低水平。对于花粉的室内扩散情况，评估了两个案例。共立女子大学主楼大厅，室内外花粉数的平均比例为4.1%。另一个病例发生在医学院的医院大楼。室内环境中的花粉扩散也较低。结论是室内的花粉主要是通过空气的流动从外部环境携带而来。
The behavior of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) pollens in an urban area was examined through the measurements of the dispersion characteristics at the various sampling locations in both outdoor and indoor environments. Airborne pollens were counted continuously for three months during the Japanese cedar pollen and Japanese cypress seasons in 2005 and 2006 by the use of Durham's pollen trap method in and around Tokyo, Japan. The dispersion of pollens at the rooftop of Kyoritsu Women's University was observed to be at extremely high levels in 2005 compared with previously reported results during the past two decades. As for Japanese cedar pollen, the maximum level was observed as 440 counts cm(-2) day(-1) on 18 March 2005. Japanese cypress pollen dispersed in that area in the latter period was compared with the Japanese cedar pollen dispersions. The maximum dispersion level was observed to be 351 counts cm(-2) day(-1) on 7 April 2005. Total accumulated dispersions of Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress pollens were 5,552 and 1,552 counts cm(-2) for the three months (Feb., Mar. and Apr.) in 2005, respectively. However, the dispersion of both pollens in 2006 was very low. The total accumulated dispersions of Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress pollens were 421 and 98 counts cm(-2) for three months (Feb., Mar. and Apr.) in 2006, respectively. Moreover, the pollen deposition on a walking person in an urban area showed that the pollen counts on feet were observed to be extremely high compared with the ones on the shoulder, back and legs. These findings suggested that pollen fell on the surface of the paved road at first, rebounded to the ambient air and was deposited on the residents again. Furthermore, the regional distribution of the total pollen dispersion in the South Kanto area was characterized on 15-16 March 2005 and on 14-15 March 2006. Although the pollen levels in 2005 were much higher than in 2006, it was commonly observed that higher pollen counts existed in the outlying areas. That is, the pollen counts in an urban area were confirmed to be at a lower level. As for the indoor dispersion of pollens, two cases were evaluated. At the lobby of the main building of Kyoritsu Women's University, the averaged ratio of the indoor to the outdoor pollen count is 4.1%. Another case was at the hospital building of a medical school. The pollen dispersion in the indoor environment was also observed to be low. It was concluded that the indoor pollen would be mainly carried from the outer environment by the movement of air.