Are flowers tuned to buzzing pollinators? Variation in the natural frequency of stamens with different morphologies and its relationship to bee vibrations
Are flowers tuned to buzzing pollinators? Variation in the natural frequency of stamens with different morphologies and its relationship to bee vibrations
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DOI：
10.1101/2020.05.19.104422
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发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. E. Nunes;L. Nevard;Fernando Montealegre-Zapata;M. Vallejo‐Marín
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. E. Nunes;L. Nevard;Fernando Montealegre-Zapata;M. Vallejo‐Marín
在蜂音授粉过程中，蜜蜂利用振动从花朵上去除花粉。携带花粉的雄蕊在自然频率下的振动通过共振被放大，导致更高振幅的振动。由于花粉的释放取决于振动的幅度，蜜蜂可以通过以雄蕊的自然频率振动来增加花粉的去除。然而，很少有研究描述雄蕊的自然频率，并将其与蜜蜂授粉的频率进行比较。在这里，我们使用激光多普勒测振仪来测量六个蜂授粉茄属分类群的雄蕊的自然频率，对比雄蕊形态。我们还比较了熊蜂嗡嗡声的基本频率上产生的两种茄属植物具有不同的自然频率。我们发现，雄蕊形态和植物身份解释雄蕊的自然频率的变化。我们的研究结果表明，中等大小的传粉者，如熊蜂，产生嗡嗡声的频率高于我们研究的大多数（5/6）的茄属物种的自然频率。然而，观察到的自然频率的茄属雄蕊是在低端的频率范围内产生的其他蜂授粉蜜蜂。因此，我们的研究结果表明，在一些蜂传粉相互作用，而不是其他的，雄蕊共振可能发挥作用，在调解花粉释放。
During buzz pollination, bees use vibrations to remove pollen from flowers. Vibrations at the natural frequency of pollen-carrying stamens are amplified through resonance, resulting in higher-amplitude vibrations. Because pollen release depends on vibration amplitude, bees could increase pollen removal by vibrating at the natural frequency of stamens. Yet, few studies have characterized the natural frequencies of stamens and compared them to frequencies of buzz-pollinating bees. Here we use laser Doppler vibrometry to characterise natural frequencies of stamens of six buzz-pollinated Solanum taxa of contrasting stamen morphology. We also compare the fundamental frequency of bumblebee buzzes produced on two Solanum species with different natural frequencies. We found that stamen morphology and plant identity explain variation in natural frequency of stamens. Our results show that medium-sized pollinators, such as bumblebees, produce buzzes of frequencies higher than the natural frequency of most (5/6) of the Solanum species we studied. However, the observed natural frequency of Solanum stamens is at the low end of the range of frequencies produced by other buzz-pollinating bees. Thus, our findings suggest that in some buzz pollination interactions, but not others, stamen resonance may play a role in mediating pollen release.