Restoration islands: a tool for efficiently restoring dryland ecosystems?
Restoration islands: a tool for efficiently restoring dryland ecosystems?
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恢复岛：有效恢复旱地生态系统的工具？
DOI：
10.1111/rec.12614
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
E. Gornish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Hulvey;E. Leger;Lauren M. Porensky;L. Roche;K. Veblen;Adam J. Fund;Julea A. Shaw;E. Gornish
恢复岛是在战略位置集中种植，旨在有效利用资源实现恢复目标。这些方法已在中温带生态系统，特别是热带森林中得到有效利用，在这些生态系统中，岛屿种植的目标往往是在整个退化地区形成“核心”，为种植区以外的地区提供种子来源。在这里，我们考虑如何使用岛屿战略来实现旱地生态系统的恢复目标，旱地生态系统资源有限，大面积退化的土地使恢复极具挑战性。与生产力较高的地区相比，旱地恢复岛屿的扩散或“成核”可能不会发生，或比大多数管理时间框架所要求的要慢。尽管如此，小规模、更密集的岛屿种植仍然可以用于实现短期目标，如杂草控制、火灾管理、侵蚀控制和野生动物栖息地的创造。从长远来看，岛屿种植可以发挥与其他生态系统相同的成核作用，并在高度分散的本土系统中作为遗传多样性的储存库。在这里，我们强调了在旱地生态系统中使用这些高强度，有针对性的种植方法的机会，为建立岛屿以实现短期和长期恢复目标提供了指导方针，并确定了需要进行额外研究以了解旱地生态系统恢复岛屿价值的领域。
Restoration islands are concentrated plantings in strategic locations, created to efficiently use resources to achieve restoration goals. These methods have been used effectively in mesic ecosystems, particularly tropical forests, where the goal of island plantings is often to “nucleate” across a degraded area, providing a seed source for spread outside the planted area. Here, we consider how an island strategy might be used to achieve restoration goals in dryland ecosystems, where limited resources and large areas of degraded land make restoration extremely challenging. In contrast to more productive areas, spread or “nucleation” from restoration islands in drylands may not occur or occur more slowly than required by most management time frames. Despite this, small‐scale, more intensive island plantings may still be useful for achieving short‐term goals, such as weed control, fire management, erosion control, and creation of wildlife habitat. Over the long term, island plantings could serve the same nucleation function as in other ecosystems and serve as repositories for genetic diversity within highly fragmented native systems. Here, we highlight the opportunities for using these high‐intensity, targeted planting methods in dryland ecosystems, provide the guidelines for establishing islands to achieve short‐ and long‐term restoration goals, and identify the areas where additional research is needed to understand the value of restoration islands in dryland ecosystems.