Dispersal Ecology of Neotropical Piper Shrubs and Treelets
Dispersal Ecology of Neotropical Piper Shrubs and Treelets
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新热带胡椒灌木和小树的扩散生态学
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
T. Fleming
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作者：
T. Fleming
与野牡丹科、茜草科和茄科一样，胡椒科(主要是胡椒科)的灌木和小树在数量上是许多新热带森林林下植被的优势成员。这种优势既存在于物种数量上，也存在于个体数量上。Gentry和Emmons(1987)报告说，在中美洲和南美洲，胡椒物种丰富度在每500米样带的降雨/土壤肥力梯度上为0.3-6.5种，而野牡丹科和茜草科的物种丰富度分别为0.7-5.8和1.0-8.4。Gentry(1990)总结的数据表明，在某些经过充分研究的潮湿或潮湿的热带森林中，风笛手的物种丰富度从18种(巴拿马的巴罗科罗拉多岛)到60种或更多的物种(哥斯达黎加的拉塞尔瓦)不等。热带干燥森林的多样性要低得多(例如，哥斯达黎加国家圣罗莎公园的五个物种；弗莱明，1985年)。巴西马瑙斯周围的森林中也几乎没有胡椒物种(Prance 1990)。总体而言，泛热带胡椒属在低地新热带地区进化上特别成功，那里包含的物种是亚洲热带地区的两倍多(700种对300种；Jaramillo和Manos 2001)。
Along with the Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae, and Solanaceae, shrubs and treelets of the Piperaceae (primarily Piper) are numerically dominant members of the understories of many Neotropical forests. This dominance occurs both in number of species and number of individuals. Gentry and Emmons (1987) reported that Piper species richness ranged from 0.3 to 6.5 species per 500-m transect along a rainfall/soil fertility gradient in Central and South America compared with ranges of 0.7–5.8 and 1.0–8.4 in the Melastomataceae and Rubiaceae, respectively. Data summarized in Gentry (1990) indicate that Piper species richness in certain well-studied moist or wet tropical forests ranges from 18 (Barro Colorado Island, Panama) to 60 or more species (La Selva, Costa Rica). Tropical dry forests have much lower diversity (e.g., five species at Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Costa Rica; Fleming 1985). Forests around Manaus, Brazil, also contain few Piper species (Prance 1990). Overall, the pantropical genus Piper has been especially successful evolutionarily in the lowland Neotropics, which contains over twice as many species as the Asian tropics (700 vs. 300 species; Jaramillo and Manos 2001).