Agroforestry Can Enhance Food Security While Meeting Other Sustainable Development Goals
Agroforestry Can Enhance Food Security While Meeting Other Sustainable Development Goals
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DOI：
10.1177/1940082917720667
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发表时间：
2017-08
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
A. Waldron;D. Garrity;Y. Malhi;C. Girardin;David C. Miller;N. Seddon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Waldron;D. Garrity;Y. Malhi;C. Girardin;David C. Miller;N. Seddon
为了实现全球粮食安全，我们需要在未来几十年内将粮食产量大约翻一番。传统农业是实现这一目标的主流办法，但也造成了广泛的环境和社会危害。共识是，我们现在需要一种农业，能够像可持续发展目标(SDGs)中承诺的那样，在“多功能”增加粮食产量的同时，加强社会和环境目标。农业还需要对包括气候变化、土壤退化和市场不可预测性在内的多种不安全因素变得更有弹性，所有这些都会降低可持续性，并可能加剧饥饿。在这里，我们说明农林复合系统如何在提高产量的同时推进多个可持续发展目标，特别是对于处于可持续发展目标框架核心的发展中世界的小型农学家而言。农林业还提高了作物和农场生计的复原力，特别是在最脆弱的粮食生产者中。然而，传统的增产战略自然而然地主导了关于粮食生产的辩论，阻碍了更多功能替代方案的实施。政府和机构现在有机会重新平衡农业政策和投资，朝着这种多目标的方式发展。通过这样做，它们可以在围绕粮食安全、气候变化、生物多样性保护和社会福祉等相互关联的主题的多项国际承诺方面取得重要改进。
To achieve global food security, we need to approximately double food production over the coming decades. Conventional agriculture is the mainstream approach to achieving this target but has also caused extensive environmental and social harms. The consensus is that we now need an agriculture that can “multi-functionally” increase food production while simultaneously enhancing social and environmental goals, as committed to in the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Farming also needs to become more resilient to multiple insecurities including climate change, soil degradation, and market unpredictability, all of which reduce sustainability and are likely to exacerbate hunger. Here, we illustrate how agroforestry systems can increase yield while also advancing multiple SDGs, especially for the small developing-world agriculturalists central to the SDG framework. Agroforestry also increases resilience of crops and farm livelihoods, especially among the most vulnerable food producers. However, conventional yield-enhancement strategies have naturally dominated the debate on food production, hindering implementation of more multifunctional alternatives. Governments and institutions now have the opportunity to rebalance agricultural policy and investment toward such multigoal approaches. In doing so, they could achieve important improvements on multiple international commitments around the interlinked themes of food security, climate change, biodiversity conservation, and social well-being.