Effects of nitrogen applications on soil nitrogen balance and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat in a rice-wheat rotation
Effects of nitrogen applications on soil nitrogen balance and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat in a rice-wheat rotation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.025
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发表时间：
2012-02-27
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Dai, Tingbo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shi, Zuliang;Li, Dandan;Dai, Tingbo
为明确土壤氮素供应特征和土壤-植物系统氮素平衡，在南京地区进行了不同施氮量的田间试验（0、120、210、300 kg hm ~（-2））和底追比例（210 kg N hm ~（-2）时30- 70%、50- 50%、70-30%）对土壤无机氮时空分布的影响。2006-2008年土壤氮素表观盈余、氮素利用效率和冬小麦产量。在越冬期和孕穗期，由于基肥和追肥的影响，0-40 cm土层NH 4 +-N含量随施氮量的增加而增加，随后迅速下降至初始水平。0-60 cm土层硝态氮含量在拔节前随基施氮量的增加而增加，在拔节后随追氮量的增加而增加。拔节期NO--N主要积累在40-60 cm土层，说明拔节前NO--N向深层土壤淋溶明显。成熟期，NO3--N主要积累在0-40 cm土层，拔节后追施NO3--N可使NO3--N在0-40 cm土层中积累。各处理土壤氮素表观盈余（ANS）在不同生育期存在差异。在整个生育期内，ANS随施氮量和基氮比的增加而增加，这主要与拔节期前大量的氮盈余有关。在适宜的施氮量和追氮比例下，氮素利用效率和籽粒产量均有所提高。两个生长季的试验结果表明，施氮量在210 kg hm（-2）以下，一半追施，可提高籽粒产量、植株吸氮量和氮肥利用率，减少氮肥的淋失。(C)2011 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
To clarify characteristics of soil nitrogen (N) supply and N balance in soil-plant system, field experiments were conducted in Nanjing, China, to investigate the effects of N application rates (0,120, 210,300 kg hm(-2)) and basal-top-dressing ratios (30-70%, 50-50%, 70-30% at 210 kg N hm(-2)) on the temporal-spatial distributions of soil inorganic N. the apparent soil N surplus, the N utilization efficiency, and the grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) in 2006-2008. NH4+-N content in the 0-40 cm soil layer increased with N application rates at overwintering and booting stages due to basal and topdressing N application, then after rapidly declined to its initial level. NO3--N content in the 0-60 cm soil layer increased as the basal N rate increased before jointing and also increased with an increase of the topdressing N close after jointing. NO N mainly accumulated in the 40-60 cm soil layer at jointing stage, which inferred that NO3--N leached significantly to deep layer soil before jointing. At maturity, NO3--N accumulated mainly in the 0-40 cm soil layer clue to topdressing after jointing. In all treatments, the soil apparent N surplus (ANS) differed at different growth stages. Throughout growth duration, ANS increased as the N rate and basal N ratio increased, which was mainly related to a large N surplus before jointing stage. N utilization efficiency and grain yield increased at the appropriate N rate and topdressing N ratio. Data from two growth seasons showed that the N rate to 210 kg hm(-2), with half applied as topdressing, improved grain yield, plant N uptake and N utilization efficiency, and reduced leaching loss of N fertilizer. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.