Episodic targeting aggression and the histories of Lemur social groups
Episodic targeting aggression and the histories of Lemur social groups
复制标题
间歇性目标攻击和狐猴社会群体的历史
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Michael E. Pereira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laura G. Vick;Michael E. Pereira
摘要圈养狐猴社会团体的成员经常会以他人为目标，进行激烈的攻击。在几天、几周甚至几个月的时间里，一到三只狐猴会坚持不懈地跟踪和攻击一到两个特定的群体成员，直到目标不再与他们的群体联系在一起。间歇性目标攻击在一年中的时间、群体大小和性别比例以及目标的亲属关系、年龄和性别方面都是非随机的。杜克大学灵长类中心(DUPC)在过去18年中观察到的绝大多数事件发生在同性青少年和成年人之间，伴随着发情周期或婴儿的出生，最常见的情况是在群体达到明显的临界规模之后。当没有血缘关系的成年人分享群体成员身份时，一个家庭的成员几乎总是首先针对另一个家庭的成员。在几个群体中，整个母系逐渐被另一个群体的成员逐出，时间跨度长达数年。当非亲属缺席时，狐猴会驱逐之前形成单独亚群的亲属。DUPC在十几个不同的社会群体中记录了由三个不同物种组成的间歇性目标攻击行为。这种现象在各种大型户外跑道以及提供自然空间和物理结构的室外围栏中反复出现。此外，最近在马达加斯加观察到的大量数据表明，我们记录的模式很好地代表了这种现象在野外发生的情况。基于群体规模、性别比例、血缘关系和性别的攻击目标在其他灵长类分类群中还没有报道。我们认为，间歇性靶标攻击反映了迄今为止未被描述的生殖竞争策略，这可能是许多狐猴和内虫分类群的特征。因此，这一现象对狐猴社会群体和种群的结构具有广泛的影响。在即将到来的实地工作中，将提出狐猴社会群体的社会动态和历史的临时模型，以供评估。
SummaryPeriodically, members of captive Lemur social groups target others for intense aggression. Over periods of several days, weeks, and sometimes months, one to three lemurs persistently follow and attack one or two particular group mates until the targets no longer associate with their group. Episodic targeting aggression is nonrandom with regard to time of year, group size and sex ratio, and the kinship, age, and gender of targets. The vast majority of episodes observed over the past 18 years at the Duke University Primate Center (DUPC) has occurred between like-sex adolescents and adults in conjunction with estrous cycling or infant births and most often after groups have reached apparent critical sizes. When unrelated adults have shared group membership, members of one family have almost invariably first targeted members of the other. In several groups, entire matrilines have gradually been evicted by members of another across periods of several years. When non-relatives have been absent, lemurs have evicted relatives that had previously formed separate subgroups. Episodic targeting aggression has been documented at the DUPC in over a dozen different social groups, comprising three different species. The phenomenon occurs repeatedly in groups held in a variety of large outdoor runs as well as in outdoor enclosures providing naturalistic space and physical structure. More-over, an appreciable number of recent observations in Madagascar suggest that the patterns we have documented well represent the phenomenon as it occurs in the wild. Targeting aggression based on group size, sex ratio, kinship and gender has been reported for no other primate taxon. We suggest that episodic targeting aggression reflects heretofore undescribed tactics in reproductive competition that may characterize many lemurid and indriid taxa. As such, the phenomenon has broad implications for the structure of lemur social groups and populations. Provisional models of the social dynamics and histories of Lemur social groups are presented for evaluation during upcoming field work.