Risk factors for the onset of eating disorders in adolescent girls: results of the McKnight longitudinal risk factor study.
Risk factors for the onset of eating disorders in adolescent girls: results of the McKnight longitudinal risk factor study.
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DOI：
10.1176/ajp.160.2.248
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发表时间：
2003-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
McKnight Investigators
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McKnight Investigators
目的：本研究通过对目标人群的评估工具和结构化的临床访谈进行诊断，在长达3年的随访中，研究了进食障碍发病的潜在危险因素的重要性。方法参与者是1103名来自亚利桑那州和加利福尼亚州学区6-9年级的女孩。每年，学生们都要完成麦克奈特风险因素调查，测量身高和体重，并接受结构化的临床访谈。麦克奈特风险因素调查是为这个年龄段开发的一种自我报告工具，其中包括与饮食失调风险因素相关的问题。结果随访期间，32名女孩（2.9%）出现部分或完全综合征进食障碍。在亚利桑那州的研究中，西班牙裔美国人在预测饮食失调发生时，对苗条身材的关注程度和社会压力的得分较高，两者之间存在显著的相互作用。在这个样本中，负面生活事件的增加也预示着饮食失调的发生。在加州的研究中，只有对苗条身材的关注和社会压力预示着饮食失调的发生。一个由关注瘦身材和社会压力组成的四项筛查的敏感性为0.72，特异性为0.80，效率为0.79。结论对瘦体的关注和社会压力是青少年饮食失调发生的重要危险因素。一些西班牙裔群体有患饮食失调的风险。努力减少同伴、文化和其他来源对瘦身体的关注可能是预防饮食失调的必要条件。
OBJECTIVE This study examined the importance of potential risk factors for eating disorder onset in a large multiethnic sample followed for up to 3 years, with assessment instruments validated for the target population and a structured clinical interview used to make diagnoses. METHOD Participants were 1,103 girls initially assessed in grades 6-9 in school districts in Arizona and California. Each year, students completed the McKnight Risk Factor Survey, had body height and weight measured, and underwent a structured clinical interview. The McKnight Risk Factor Survey, a self-report instrument developed for this age group, includes questions related to risk factors for eating disorders. RESULTS During follow-up, 32 girls (2.9%) developed a partial- or full-syndrome eating disorder. At the Arizona site, there was a significant interaction between Hispanics and higher scores on a factor measuring thin body preoccupation and social pressure in predicting onset of eating disorders. An increase in negative life events also predicted onset of eating disorders in this sample. At the California site, only thin body preoccupation and social pressure predicted onset of eating disorders. A four-item screen derived from thin body preoccupation and social pressure had a sensitivity of 0.72, a specificity of 0.80, and an efficiency of 0.79. CONCLUSIONS Thin body preoccupation and social pressure are important risk factors for the development of eating disorders in adolescents. Some Hispanic groups are at risk of developing eating disorders. Efforts to reduce peer, cultural, and other sources of thin body preoccupation may be necessary to prevent eating disorders.