Fundamentals of Wireless Information and Power Transfer: From RF Energy Harvester Models to Signal and System Designs
Fundamentals of Wireless Information and Power Transfer: From RF Energy Harvester Models to Signal and System Designs
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DOI：
10.1109/jsac.2018.2872615
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Poor, H. Vincent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clerckx, Bruno;Zhang, Rui;Poor, H. Vincent
无线电波同时携带能量和信息。然而，这些量的射频（RF）传输传统上被分开处理。目前，社会正经历无线网络设计的范式转变，即统一信息和电力的无线传输，以便充分利用RF频谱和辐射以及网络基础设施，实现通信和供电的双重目的。在本文中，我们回顾和讨论的最新进展奠定了基础的设想的双重目的的网络，建立一个信号理论和设计的无线信息和电力传输（WIPT），并确定之间的基本权衡无线传输信息和电力。我们首先概述了WIPT的挑战和技术，即无线WIPT（SWIPT），无线供电通信网络（WPCN）和无线供电反向散射通信（WPBC）。然后，我们描述了能量采集器的特征，并展示了WIPT信号和系统设计如何关键地围绕底层能量采集器模型进行。为此，我们重点介绍了三种不同的能量收集器模型，即一种线性模型和两种非线性模型，并展示了WIPT设计在单用户和多用户部署中的不同之处。讨论的主题包括速率-能量区域表征、发射机和接收机架构、波形设计、调制、波束成形和输入分布优化、资源分配和RF频谱使用。我们讨论并检查不同的能量采集器模型的有效性，以及基于电路仿真，原型设计和实验的信号理论和设计。我们还指出了许多有希望为未来的研究方向。
Radio waves carry both energy and information simultaneously. Nevertheless, radio-frequency (RF) transmissions of these quantities have traditionally been treated separately. Currently, the community is experiencing a paradigm shift in wireless network design, namely, unifying wireless transmission of information and power so as to make the best use of the RF spectrum and radiation as well as the network infrastructure for the dual purpose of communicating and energizing. In this paper, we review and discuss recent progress in laying the foundations of the envisioned dual purpose networks by establishing a signal theory and design for wireless information and power transmission (WIPT) and identifying the fundamental tradeoff between conveying information and power wirelessly. We start with an overview of WIPT challenges and technologies, namely, simultaneousWIPT (SWIPT), wirelessly powered communication networks (WPCNs), and wirelessly powered backscatter communication (WPBC). We then characterize energy harvesters and show how WIPT signal and system designs crucially revolve around the underlying energy harvester model. To that end, we highlight three different energy harvester models, namely, one linear model and two nonlinear models, and show how WIPT designs differ for each of them in single-user and multi-user deployments. Topics discussed include rate-energy region characterization, transmitter and receiver architectures, waveform design, modulation, beamforming and input distribution optimizations, resource allocation, and RF spectrum use. We discuss and check the validity of the different energy harvester models and the resulting signal theory and design based on circuit simulations, prototyping, and experimentation. We also point out numerous directions that are promising for future research.