Land-use effects on the hyporheic ecology of five small streams near Hamilton, New Zealand
Land-use effects on the hyporheic ecology of five small streams near Hamilton, New Zealand
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DOI：
10.1080/00288330.1997.9516793
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Burrell, GP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boulton, AJ;Scarsbrook, MR;Burrell, GP
尽管地下饱和间隙带(地下潜流带)对河流生态系统的生态功能和水质维持的重要性是众所周知的，但关于不同形式的陆相沉积对这一带的影响的信息很少。新西兰汉密尔顿附近的小溪流排干了牧场下的丘陵集水区、外来的松林和原生森林，对水中物理化学和无脊椎动物进行了比较。在排干原生森林的溪流中，潜水带蕴藏着相对多样化的无脊椎动物动物群，其中大部分是表层底栖动物中常见的分类群，但也收集了一些明显专有的潜水类群(介形类、盲目两足类)。几乎没有个体和类群占据了排干牧场的溪流潜流带，一些群落，如水螨，明显地缺失。外来松林溪水的丰富度和丰富度与牧草溪流相似。牧草溪流的潜水温度显著高于松林和原生林。所有溪流浅水区的溶解氧饱和度百分比与物种丰富度和无脊椎动物总丰度均呈显著正相关。我们认为，开垦牧场会导致丘陵的崩塌和淤积，从而掩埋河道沿线的横向沙洲，使该栖息地不适合浅水无脊椎动物栖息地。河道变窄和切割可能会在物理上进一步移走浅水生境，而减少冲刷流量以清除间质泥沙和粘土会导致低的浅水溶解氧浓度，并减少表层底栖生物的定殖性。
Although the importance of the subsurface saturated interstitial zone (hyporheic zone) to the ecological functioning and maintenance of water quality of stream ecosystems is well known, there is little information on the impacts of different forms of land ase upon this zone. Hyporheic physico-chemistry and invertebrates were compared among small streams draining hill-country catchments under pasture, exotic pine forest, and native forest near Hamilton, New Zealand. In streams draining native forest, the hyporheic zone harboured a relatively diverse invertebrate fauna comprising mostly taxa common in the surface benthos, although a few apparently obligate hyporheic taxa (ostracods, blind amphipods) were collected. Few individuals and taxa occupied the hyporheic zones of streams draining pasture with some groups such as water mites conspicuously absent. The hyporheos of the stream in exotic pine forest was similar in richness and abundance to that of the pasture streams. Hyporheic water temperatures were significantly higher in the pasture streams than those in pine or native forest. There were strong positive correlations between percentage saturation of dissolved oxygen in the hyporheic zones of all streams and both species richness and total invertebrate abundance. We suggest that land clearance for pasture leads to hill slumping and siltation that bury the lateral bars along the stream channels, rendering this habitat unsuitable for hyporheic invertebrates. Channel narrowing and incision may physically remove further hyporheic habitat, and the reduction of flushing flows to remove interstitial silt and clay leads to low hyporheic dissolved oxygen concentrations and reduced colonisation by surface benthos.