Job Mismatches and their Labour‐Market Effects among School‐Leavers in Europe
Job Mismatches and their Labour‐Market Effects among School‐Leavers in Europe
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欧洲毕业生的工作不匹配及其对劳动力市场的影响
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maarten H. J. Wolbers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maarten H. J. Wolbers
在本文中，我们调查了欧洲毕业生教育领域工作不匹配的决定因素。此外，还研究了工作不匹配对毕业生劳动力市场地位的影响。在这方面，要特别注意跨国差异。使用的数据来自 EU LFS 2000 关于从学校到工作过渡的特别模块。实证分析的结果表明，一些个人、工作和结构特征会影响工作不匹配的可能性。此外，欧洲国家之间工作不匹配的发生率也不同：在高中学生接受校本职业教育的比例较高的国家，毕业生中工作不匹配的发生率高于该比例较低的国家。关于工作不匹配对劳动力市场的影响，最重要的发现是，从事不匹配工作的毕业生所获得的职业地位低于那些具有匹配工作的毕业生。在学校职业教育和学徒型职业教育比例较高的国家，工作不匹配的负面影响较小。此外，分析表明，工作不匹配的毕业生会使用调整策略来提高适应度。第一个策略涉及求职活动：与拥有匹配工作的毕业生相比，从事不匹配工作的毕业生更频繁地寻找另一份工作。在学校职业教育比例较高的国家，工作不匹配对寻找另一份工作的可能性的影响小于比例较低的国家。第二个调整策略涉及培训参与：平均而言，工作不匹配会对参加继续职业培训的可能性产生负面影响。然而，在以学校为基础的学徒型职业教育比例较低的国家，工作不匹配对培训参与的影响是积极的
In this paper, we investigate the determinants of job mismatches with respect to field of education among school-leavers in Europe. In addition, the effects of having a job mismatch on the labour market position of school-leavers are examined. Special attention is paid to cross-country variation in this respect. The data that are used come from the EU LFS 2000 ad hoc module on school-to-work transitions. The results of the empirical analysis show that several individual, job, and structural characteristics affect the likelihood of having a job mismatch. Furthermore, the incidence of job mismatches differs between European countries: in countries where the share of upper secondary education students in school-based vocational education is high, the incidence of job mismatches among school-leavers is higher than in countries where this share is low. With respect to the labour market effects of job mismatches, the most important finding is that school-leavers with a non matching job achieve less occupational status than those with a matching one. This negative effect of job mismatches is smaller in countries where the share of school-based, respectively apprenticeship-type vocational education is higher. Moreover, the analysis reveals that school-leavers with a job mismatch use adjustment strategies to improve fit. A first strategy refers to job search activities: school-leavers with a non matching job more frequently look for another job than school-leavers with a matching job. In countries where the share of school-based vocational education is high, the effect of having a job mismatch on the likelihood of looking for another job is smaller than in countries where this share is low. A second adjustment strategy concerns training participation: on average, there is a negative effect of having a job mismatch on the probability of participating in continuous vocational training. However, in countries where the share of school-based, respectively apprenticeship-type vocational education is low, the impact of having a job mismatch on training participation is positive