Racial Disparities in Child Adversity in the US Interactions With Family Immigration History and Income
Racial Disparities in Child Adversity in the US Interactions With Family Immigration History and Income
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.013
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Williams, David R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Slopen, Natalie;Shonkoff, Jack P.;Williams, David R.
导言：儿童期逆境是儿童和成人疾病一级预防的一个未得到充分重视的方面。有证据表明，在美国，儿童逆境的种族/民族和社会经济模式，然而，关于种族/民族和社会经济地位对暴露风险的相互作用的数据是有限的，特别是考虑到移民历史。本研究在全国儿童健康调查（2011-2012）中检查了儿童（从出生到17岁）9种逆境的种族/民族差异，并确定了移民历史和收入（N = 84，837）的差异如何变化。出生和移民的父母。我们研究了家庭收入是否介导了种族/民族与逆境暴露之间的关系，并测试了相互作用（2014-2015年进行的分析）。结果：在所有组中，与白色儿童相比，黑人和西班牙裔儿童暴露于更多的逆境，暴露的收入差异大于种族/民族差异。对于美国的孩子-出生父母，这些模式的种族/民族和收入差异是目前大多数个人的逆境。在移民父母的子女中，个人逆境和收入梯度的种族/民族差异很少。在美国的孩子中-出生的父母，西班牙裔白人的差距暴露在逆境中坚持调整后的收入，和种族/民族的差异在逆境中的儿童是最大的高收入家庭.Conclusions：同时考虑多种社会地位提供了有前途的框架，新的思维疾病的分布和有针对性的干预措施，以减少可预防的健康差距的设计。(C)2016年美国预防医学杂志
Introduction: Childhood adversity is an under-addressed dimension of primary prevention of disease in children and adults. Evidence shows racial/ethnic and socioeconomic patterning of childhood adversity in the U.S., yet data on the interaction of race/ethnicity and SES for exposure risk is limited, particularly with consideration of immigration history. This study examined racial/ ethnic differences in nine adversities among children (from birth to age 17 years) in the National Survey of Child Health (2011-2012) and determined how differences vary by immigration history and income (N = 84,837).Methods: We estimated cumulative adversity and individual adversity prevalences among white, black, and Hispanic children of U.S.-born and immigrant parents. We examined whether family income mediated the relationship between race/ethnicity and exposure to adversities, and tested interactions (analyses conducted in 2014-2015).Results: Across all groups, black and Hispanic children were exposed to more adversities compared with white children, and income disparities in exposure were larger than racial/ethnic disparities. For children of U.S.-born parents, these patterns of racial/ethnic and income differences were present for most individual adversities. Among children of immigrant parents, there were few racial/ethnic differences for individual adversities and income gradients were inconsistent. Among children of U.S.-born parents, the Hispanic-white disparity in exposure to adversities persisted after adjustment for income, and racial/ethnic disparities in adversity were largest among children from high-income families.Conclusions: Simultaneous consideration of multiple social statuses offers promising frameworks for fresh thinking about the distribution of disease and the design of targeted interventions to reduce preventable health disparities. (C) 2016 American Journal of Preventive Medicine