Divided attention and memory: Evidence of substantial interference effects at retrieval and encoding
Divided attention and memory: Evidence of substantial interference effects at retrieval and encoding
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.129.2.155
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Moscovitch, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandes, MA;Moscovitch, M
在 5 个分散注意力 (DA) 实验中，学生（每个实验 24 名）执行视觉分散任务（例如单词识别、单词和数字监控），同时对听觉单词列表进行编码或对目标单词列表进行口头自由回忆。 DA 在检索过程中，使用任何一种基于单词的分散注意力的任务，都会比数字监控任务产生相对更大的干扰效果。无论干扰任务的类型如何，编码过程中的 DA 都会产生一致的大干扰效应。结果表明，当检索时注意力分散时，只有当记忆和并发任务竞争访问特定于单词的表征系统时才会产生干扰；不需要这样的特异性来在编码时产生干扰。在编码期间，内存和并发任务主要竞争通用资源，而在检索期间，它们主要竞争表征系统。
In 5 divided attention (DA) experiments, students (24 in each experiment) performed visual distracting tasks (e.g., recognition of words, word and digit monitoring) while either simultaneously encoding an auditory word list or engaging in oral free recall of the target word list. DA during retrieval, using either of the word-based distracting tasks, produced relatively larger interference effects than the digit-monitoring task. DA during encoding produced uniformly large interference effects, regardless of the type of distracting task. Results suggest that when attention is divided at retrieval, interference is created only when the memory and concurrent task compete for access to word-specific representational systems; no such specificity is necessary to create interference at encoding. During encoding, memory and concurrent tasks compete primarily for general resources, whereas during retrieval, they compete primarily for representational systems.