The Interplay of Internal and External Scripts

The Interplay of Internal and External Scripts
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内部和外部脚本的相互作用

DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Fischer
F. Fischer
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
Stefan Carmien;I. Kollar;G. Fischer;F. Fischer

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本章描述了当人员X完成特定任务Y时所涉及的不同脚本类型。我们参考分布式认知理论中的概念和思想。假设个体持有内部脚本，这些内部脚本指导他们处理所面临的任务的方式，并且这些内部脚本与人工制品或其他人提供的外部脚本处于复杂的关系中。三个因素被认为是至关重要的，以描述一项任务的完成，即（a）的实际活动，（B）的知识活动，（c）执行功能，（Meta）认知的情况下，是设定目标的任务，并控制系统的任务完成。对于这三个主要因素中的每一个，介绍了几个子类别，在这两个脚本方法进行了比较。第一种方法代表了社会技术环境记忆辅助系统（MAPS），旨在支持认知障碍者完成日常任务，重点是“生活工具”。第二种方法，即所谓的协作论证脚本，代表了一个计算机支持的协作探究学习环境，以促进学生的协作论证，重点是“学习的工具”。外部脚本的设计的比较的影响和未来的研究方向进行了讨论。
This chapter describes different script types that are involved when a person X is accomplishing a particular task Y. We refer to concepts and ideas from distributed cognition theories. It is assumed that individuals are holding internal scripts that guide them in the way they process tasks they are faced with, and these internal scripts are standing in a complex relationship to the external scripts provided by an artifact or by other persons. Three factors are regarded as crucial in order to describe the accomplishment of a task, namely (a) the actual activity, (b) knowledge underlying the activity, and (c) the executive function, a (meta-)cognitive instance that is setting the goals for the task and controls the system’s task accomplishment. For each of these three main factors, several sub-categories are introduced, on which two script approaches are compared. The first approach represents the socio-technical environment Memory Aiding Prompting System (MAPS) designed to support individuals with cognitive disabilities in accomplishing everyday tasks with a focus on “tools for living”. The second approach, the so-called collaborative argumentation script, represents a computer-supported collaborative inquiry learning environment to facilitate students’ collaborative argumentation with a focus on “tools for learning”. Implications of the comparison for the design of external scripts are derived and directions for future research are discussed.