Direct Perceptions of Carol Fowler's Theoretical Perspective.
Direct Perceptions of Carol Fowler's Theoretical Perspective.
复制标题
对卡罗尔·福勒理论观点的直接看法。
DOI：
10.1080/10407413.2016.1230367
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Whalen,DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Whalen,DH
卡罗尔·福勒在语言感知领域产生了巨大的影响，部分原因是人们不同意她的观点。分歧的产生，就像他们经常做的那样，来自两个不相容的来源：她的立场经常被误解，因此“不同意”只是在表面上，她的立场被拒绝，因为他们挑战了根深蒂固的，直觉上吸引人的立场，而没有被证明是错误的。误解主要集中在感知是“直接的”这一断言上。这通常被认为意味着我们可以通过某种方式而不是（主要是声学）语音信号来访问说话者的声道，而实际上，它断言信号足以直接指定该产品。目前尚不清楚这种误解为何持续存在；虽然在这方面仍有一些问题有待解决，但立场是明确的。语音感知的“声学”理论面临的挑战仍然存在，因此直接感知仍然存在争议，因为声学理论似乎被大多数研究人员所接受。几十年来的证据表明，纯粹的声学特性和从生产角度获得的相干性缺乏实用性，但这并没有改变这种情况。一些结合这两种观点的尝试已经出现，但它们在很大程度上错过了福勒所支持的吉布森挑战：语言感知是直接的。似乎还需要几十年的研究和讨论才能充分了解她的立场。
Carol Fowler has had a tremendous impact on the field of speech perception, in part by having people disagree with her. The disagreements arise, as they often do, from 2 incompatible sources: her positions are often misunderstood and thus “disagreed” with only on the surface, and her positions are rejected because they challenge deeply held, intuitively appealing positions without being shown to be wrong. The misunderstandings center largely on the assertion that perception is “direct.” This is often taken to mean that we have access to the speaker's vocal tract by some means other than the (largely acoustic) speech signal, when, in fact, it asserts that the signal is sufficient to directly specify that production. It is unclear why this misunderstanding persists; although there are still issues to be resolved in this regard, the stance is clear. The challenge to “acoustic” theories of speech perception remains, and thus direct perception is still controversial, as it seems that acoustic theories are held by a majority of researchers. Decades' worth of evidence showing the lack of usefulness of purely acoustic properties and the coherence gained by a production perspective have not changed this situation. Some attempts at combining the 2 perspectives have emerged, but they largely miss the Gibsonian challenge that Fowler has espoused: perception of speech is direct. It looks as though it will take some further decades of research and discussion to fully explore her position.