Aminergic metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of humans previously exposed to MDMA: preliminary observations.
Aminergic metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of humans previously exposed to MDMA: preliminary observations.
复制标题
先前接触 MDMA 的人类脑脊液中的胺能代谢物：初步观察。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16919.x
复制
发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Langston,JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ricaurte,GA;Finnegan,KT;Irwin,I;Langston,JW
神经毒性药物 (+) 3, 4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA，“摇头丸”）的娱乐性使用造成了不确定程度的公共健康问题。其原因是双重的。首先，关于接触过该药物的人数的信息很少，关于有多少人继续使用该药物的信息更是少之又少。根据一项非正式调查，本科生校园中 39% 的学生表示至少尝试过一次 MDMA。在不同大学校园进行的其他非正式调查得出的数字较低（6-25%）。 1985 年，Siegel 报告称，美国每月销售大约 30,000 个剂量单位的 MDMA。最近（1989 年），Doblin' 提供了每月 100,000 个剂量单位的估计。目前还不清楚这是否代表摇头丸使用量的真正增加，或者这些估计值是否会根据确定方式而变化。然而，鉴于 MDMA 具有潜在的神经毒性（见下文），正式的流行病学工作是为了确定娱乐性 MDMA 使用的发生率。难以衡量 MDMA 对公众健康造成的威胁严重性的第二个原因是，尽管 MDMA 的长期血清素消耗作用已在动物身上得到令人信服的证明，但在人类中却缺乏这种证据。此外，MDMA 的剂量、途径和时间表还缺乏。大多数（但不是全部，参见参考文献 11）动物研究中使用的 MDMA 给药方法与人类通常使用的方法有显着差异，因此很难知道动物研究结果在多大程度上可以推广到人类。
Recreational use of the neurotoxic drug (+) 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA," Ecstasy") poses a public health problem of uncertain proportions. The reason for this is twofold. First, there is little information regarding the number of individuals that have been exposed to the drug, and even less about how many people are continuing to use it. According to one informal survey,'39% of students on an undergraduate campus reported having experimented with MDMA on at least one occasion. Other informal surveys on different college campuses have yielded lower figures (6-25%). In 1985, Siegel'reported that approximately 30,000 dosage units of MDMA were being sold in the United States each month. More recently (1989), Doblin'provided an estimate of 100,000 dosage units per month. Whether this represents a true increase in MDMA use, or whether these estimates vary as a function of how they were ascertained is not clear. However, given MDMA's neurotoxic potential (see below), formal epidemiologic efforts to determine the incidence of recreational MDMA use are in order.The second reason why it is difficult to gauge the seriousness of the threat that MDMA poses to public health is that, although the long-term serotonin-depleting effects of MDMA have been convincingly demonstrated in animals, 4-" such docurnentation is lacking in humans. Moreover, the doses, routes, and schedules of MDMA administration used in most (but not all, see reference 11) animal studies have differed significantly from those typically employed by humans. Hence, it is difficult to know to what extent the findings in animals can be generalized to humans.