Toward affordable and sustainable use of precious metals in catalysis and nanomedicine
Toward affordable and sustainable use of precious metals in catalysis and nanomedicine
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DOI：
10.1557/mrs.2018.262
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Younan Xia;Ming Zhao;Xue Wang;Da Huo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Younan Xia;Ming Zhao;Xue Wang;Da Huo
贵金属是地壳中含量最少的元素。迫切需要最大限度地提高这些金属的利用效率，从而获得负担得起的可持续产品。实现这一目标的一种方法是基于开发具有良好控制的表面结构的中空纳米晶体，以及保持在2 nm以下的壁厚，或大约10层原子。中空结构消除了内部原子的浪费并产生了内表面，而可控的表面结构有助于优化催化活性和选择性。在这篇文章中，我们开始简要介绍了两种方法，已开发的空心纳米晶体的合成：第一个依赖于与牺牲模板的电流替代，第二个涉及逐层沉积的金属原子，然后蚀刻。然后，我们展示了一些显着的性质和应用，这类新型的纳米结构，包括它们作为有效的催化剂的能量转换，光响应载体的控制释放和药物输送，和治疗诊断剂。还讨论了现有的商业化障碍。
Precious metals represent some of the least abundant elements in the earth’s crust. There is an urgent need to maximize the utilization efficiency of these metals and thereby attain affordable and sustainable products. One approach for achieving this goal is based on the development of hollow nanocrystals with a well-controlled surface structure, together with a wall thickness kept below 2 nm, or roughly 10 layers of atoms. The hollow structure eliminates the waste of interior atoms and creates an inner surface, while the controllable surface structures contribute to the optimization of catalytic activity and selectivity. In this article, we begin with a brief introduction to two methods that have been developed for the synthesis of hollow nanocrystals: the first relying on the galvanic replacement with a sacrificial template, and the second involving layer-by-layer deposition of metal atoms followed by etching. We then showcase some remarkable properties and applications of this novel class of nanostructures, including their use as effective catalysts for energy conversion, photoresponsive carriers for controlled release and drug delivery, and theranostic agents. A discussion of the existing barriers to their commercialization is also presented.