Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
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DOI：
10.1378/chest.08-0776
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
O'Donnell, Anne E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Donnell, Anne E.
支气管扩张症，曾经被认为是一种罕见的疾病，现在在世界范围内被越来越多地认识到。支气管扩张患者有慢性咳嗽和咳痰，并发细菌感染，导致肺功能丧失。支气管扩张发生在各种年龄和性别的患者中，但在老年妇女中患病率最高。支气管扩张的诊断是通过高分辨率CT扫描。支气管扩张可为局灶性或弥漫性，可无既往疾病发生，但常为既往肺部感染或损伤的并发症，或由潜在的全身性疾病引起。支气管扩张患者可能有易感的先天性疾病、免疫紊乱或炎症性疾病。支气管扩张的治疗是多模式的，包括抗生素、抗炎药和气道清除治疗。很少需要切除手术和肺移植。鉴于疾病的异质性，支气管扩张患者的预后是可变的。需要一种量身定制的、以患者为中心的方法来最佳地评估和治疗支气管支气管炎患者。
Bronchiectasis, which was once thought to be an orphan disease, is now being recognized with increasing frequency around the world. Patients with bronchiectasis have chronic cough and sputum production, and bacterial infections develop in them that result in the loss of lung function. Bronchiectasis occurs in patients across the spectrum of age and gender, hut the highest prevalence is in older women. The diagnosis of bronchiectasis is made by high-resolution CT scans. Bronchiectasis, which can be focal or diffuse, may occur without antecedent disease but is often a complication of previous lung infection or injury or is due to underlying systemic illnesses. Patients with bronchiectasis may have predisposing congenital disease, immune disorders, or inflammatory disease. The treatment of bronchiectasis is multimodality and includes therapy with antibiotics, antiinflammatory agents, and airway clearance. Resectional surgery and lung transplantation are rarely required. The prognosis for patients with bronchiectasis is variable given the heterogeneous nature of the disease. A tailored, patient-focused approach is needed to optimally evaluate and treat individuals with bronchectasis.