International studies of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fetal growth.
International studies of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fetal growth.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.8982
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发表时间：
2006-11
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Perera, Frederica P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Choi, Hyunok;Jedrychowski, Wieslaw;Spengler, John;Camann, David E;Whyatt, Robin M;Rauh, Virginia;Tsai, Wei-Yann;Perera, Frederica P
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一种广泛存在于人类体内的致突变物和致癌物。然而，由于缺乏足够的空气监测数据，限制了对空气中多环芳烃对胎儿生长的影响的了解。为了解决这一知识差距，我们分别在波兰克拉科夫和纽约市（NYC）研究了产前暴露于空气中的多环芳烃与出生体重、出生身长和出生头围之间的关联。平行前瞻性队列研究纳入了不吸烟、健康和非职业暴露的妇女及其新生儿。对孕妇进行48小时以上的个人空气监测。为了控制母体环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露，我们排除了脐带血浆可替宁浓度> 25 ng/mL的孕妇。两个种族组的平均脐带血浆可替宁浓度均≤ 0.5 ng/mL。克拉科夫的产前PAH暴露量是纽约的10倍。产前PAH暴露与克拉科夫高加索人（p < 0.01）和纽约非裔美国人（p < 0.01）的出生体重显著降低相关，控制了已知和潜在的混杂因素，但在纽约多米尼加人中不相关。在两个城市共同的较低暴露范围内（1.80-36.47 ng/m3），纽约非裔美国人每单位PAH暴露对出生体重的影响是克拉科夫白人的6倍（p = 0.01）。这些结果证实了两个人群中相对较低的PAH浓度对生殖的不利影响，并表明纽约市非裔美国人的易感性增加。胎儿生长障碍与儿童发育和健康问题有关。因此，全球减少PAH排放将带来巨大的健康益处。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitously distributed human mutagens and carcinogens. However, lack of adequate air monitoring data has limited understanding of the effects of airborne PAHs on fetal growth. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined the association between prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs and birth weight, birth length, and birth head circumference, respectively, in Krakow, Poland, and New York City (NYC). The parallel prospective cohort studies enrolled nonsmoking, healthy, and nonoccupationally exposed women and their newborns. Personal air monitoring of pregnant women was conducted over 48 hr. To control for maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, we excluded those with umbilical cord plasma cotinine concentrations > 25 ng/mL. Mean cord plasma cotinine concentrations in both ethnic groups were ≤ 0.5 ng/mL. Prenatal PAH exposure was 10-fold higher in Krakow than in NYC. Prenatal PAH exposure was associated with significantly reduced birth weight in both Krakow Caucasians (p < 0.01) and in NYC African Americans (p < 0.01), controlling for known and potential confounders, but not in NYC Dominicans. Within the lower exposure range common to the two cities (1.80–36.47 ng/m3), the effect per unit PAH exposure on birth weight was 6-fold greater for NYC African Americans than for Krakow Caucasians (p = 0.01). These results confirm the adverse reproductive effect of relatively low PAH concentrations in two populations and suggest increased susceptibility of NYC African Americans. Fetal growth impairment has been linked to child developmental and health problems. Thus, substantial health benefits would result from global reduction of PAH emissions.