Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions
Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0603797103
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发表时间：
2006-06-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Okada, Norihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nishihara, Hidenori;Hasegawa, Masarni;Okada, Norihiro
尽管最近大规模的努力，致力于全面的系统发育分析使用线粒体和核DNA序列，哺乳动物的订单之间的关系仍然存在争议。在这里，我们提出了一个广泛的应用逆转录酶（L1）插入分析的系统发育关系之间的几乎所有哺乳动物的订单。除了证明的有效性的Glires，Euarchontoglires，Laurasiatheria，Boreoeutheria，我们证明了一个序数间的分支，链接翼手目，食肉目，奇蹄目内Laurasiatheria。重新检查一个大的DNA序列数据集产生的结果与我们的结论一致。我们建议将这个翼手目+奇蹄目+食肉目+石仙桃门的分支命名为“飞马亚科”。一个单一的不一致的L1位点的存在下产生一个树，其中组食肉动物+奇蹄目协会与Cetartiodactyla，但不与翼手目。这一结果表明，不完整的血统排序的祖先二型性发生在一个共同的祖先Scrotifera（飞马座+ Cetartiodactyla），这是随后的快速分歧到现存的订单在一个进化的短时期内的逆转录酶等位基因的存在或不存在。因此，真有蹄类（鲸偶蹄目+奇蹄目）和有蹄类（食肉目+ Pholiclota +奇蹄目+鲸偶蹄目）不能被确认为自然类群。这里提出的interordinal哺乳动物的关系提供了一个基石，在重建哺乳动物分类，包括灭绝的物种，大型基因组序列和结构的进化，并在形态多样化的发展分析。
Despite the recent large-scale efforts dedicated to comprehensive phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, several relationships among mammalian orders remain controversial. Here, we present an extensive application of retroposon (L1) insertion analysis to the phylogenetic relationships among almost all mammalian orders. In addition to demonstrating the validity of Glires, Euarchontoglires, Laurasiatheria, and Boreoeutheria, we demonstrate an interordinal clade that links Chiroptera, Carnivora, and Perissodactyla within Laurasiatheria. Re-examination of a large DNA sequence data set yielded results consistent with our conclusion. We propose a superordinal name "Pegasoferae" for this clade of Chiroptera + Perissodactyla + Carnivora + Pholidota. The presence of a single incongruent L1 locus generates a tree in which the group of Carnivora + Perissodactyla associates with Cetartiodactyla but not with Chiroptera. This result suggests that incomplete lineage sorting of an ancestral dimorphism occurred with regard to the presence or absence of retroposon alleles in a common ancestor of Scrotifera (Pegasoferae + Cetartiodactyla), which was followed by rapid divergence into the extant orders over an evolutionarily short period. Accordingly, Euungulata (Cetartiodactyla + Perissodactyla) and Fereuungulata (Carnivora + Pholiclota + Perissodactyla + Cetartiodactyla) cannot be validated as natural groups. The interordinal mammalian relationships presented here provide a cornerstone for future studies in the reconstruction of mammalian classifications, including extinct species, on evolution of large genomic sequences and structure, and in developmental analysis of morphological diversification.