Historic records of organic compounds from a high Alpine glacier: influences of biomass burning, anthropogenic emissions, and dust transport
Historic records of organic compounds from a high Alpine glacier: influences of biomass burning, anthropogenic emissions, and dust transport
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-16-1029-2016
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
C. Müller-Tautges;A. Eichler;M. Schwikowski;G. Pezzatti;M. Conedera;T. Hoffmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Müller-Tautges;A. Eichler;M. Schwikowski;G. Pezzatti;M. Conedera;T. Hoffmann
抽象。历史记录的α-二羰基化合物（乙二醛，甲基乙二醛），羧酸（C6-C12二羧酸，pinic酸，对羟基苯甲酸，邻苯二甲酸，4-甲基邻苯二甲酸），和离子（草酸盐，甲酸盐，钙），确定与年度分辨率在冰芯从Grenzgletscher在瑞士阿尔卑斯山南部，覆盖时间从1942年到1993年。使用超高效液相色谱法（UHPLC）结合电喷雾电离高分辨率质谱法（ESI-HRMS）对二羰基化合物和长链羧酸进行有机化合物的化学分析，并使用离子色谱法对短链羧酸进行分析。报告了西欧的羧酸和二羰基化合物的长期记录及其来源分配。这是第一项研究，包括长期趋势的二羰基化合物和长链二羧酸（C6-C12）在阿尔卑斯山降水。采用主成分分析法对冰芯中存在的有机物进行了源分配。我们的研究结果表明，生物质燃烧，人为排放和矿物粉尘的运输是影响有机化合物浓度的主要参数。冰芯记录了几种高度相关的化合物（例如，对羟基苯甲酸、松酸、庚二酸和辛二酸）与瑞士南部的森林火灾历史有关。对羟基苯甲酸被认为是最好的有机火灾示踪剂在研究区，揭示了最高的相关性从火灾的烧毁面积。甲基乙二醛、邻苯二甲酸和二羧酸己二酸、癸二酸和十二烷二酸的历史记录与挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的人为排放相当。小的有机酸，草酸和甲酸，都是高度相关的钙，这表明他们的记录受到不断变化的矿物粉尘运输到钻井现场。
Abstract. Historic records of α-dicarbonyls (glyoxal, methylglyoxal), carboxylic acids (C6–C12 dicarboxylic acids, pinic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, phthalic acid, 4-methylphthalic acid), and ions (oxalate, formate, calcium) were determined with annual resolution in an ice core from Grenzgletscher in the southern Swiss Alps, covering the time period from 1942 to 1993. Chemical analysis of the organic compounds was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) for dicarbonyls and long-chain carboxylic acids and ion chromatography for short-chain carboxylates. Long-term records of the carboxylic acids and dicarbonyls, as well as their source apportionment, are reported for western Europe. This is the first study comprising long-term trends of dicarbonyls and long-chain dicarboxylic acids (C6–C12) in Alpine precipitation. Source assignment of the organic species present in the ice core was performed using principal component analysis. Our results suggest biomass burning, anthropogenic emissions, and transport of mineral dust to be the main parameters influencing the concentration of organic compounds. Ice core records of several highly correlated compounds (e.g., p-hydroxybenzoic acid, pinic acid, pimelic, and suberic acids) can be related to the forest fire history in southern Switzerland. P-hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be the best organic fire tracer in the study area, revealing the highest correlation with the burned area from fires. Historical records of methylglyoxal, phthalic acid, and dicarboxylic acids adipic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid are comparable with that of anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The small organic acids, oxalic acid and formic acid, are both highly correlated with calcium, suggesting their records to be affected by changing mineral dust transport to the drilling site.