Education, age, and the cumulative advantage in health
Education, age, and the cumulative advantage in health
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DOI：
10.2307/2137234
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发表时间：
1996-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wu, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross, CE;Wu, CL
教育程度与健康之间的正相关性已经得到了很好的证实，但基于教育的健康差距随年龄变化的方式却没有得到证实。高教育程度的健康优势和低教育程度的健康劣势是随着年龄的增长而分化还是趋同？累积优势的观点预测，随着年龄的增长，健康的SES差距会越来越大，但过去的证据并不允许我们接受或拒绝这一假设。我们在两个样本中解决这个问题，跨部门和随着时间的推移，有三个健康措施。第一个数据集是1990年对美国家庭的全国概率样本进行的电话采访。共有2,031名受访者，年龄在18岁至90岁之间。第二个是美国家庭的全国概率样本，其中2，436名年龄在20至64岁之间的受访者于1979年通过电话采访，并于1980年再次采访。我们发现，受教育程度高和受教育程度低的人在自我报告的健康状况、身体功能和身体健康方面的差距随着年龄的增长而增加。受过良好教育的人在老年群体中的健康优势大于年轻群体。高收入的健康优势和低收入的健康劣势也随年龄而不同，但家庭收入并不能解释教育的积极影响。
The positive association between educational attainment and health is well established, but the way in which the education-based gap in health varies with age is not. Do the health advantages of high educational attainment and disadvantages of low educational attainment diverge or converge with age? The cumulative advantage perspective predicts a diverging SES gap in health with age, but past evidence does not allow us to accept or reject the hypothesis. We address this issue in two samples, cross-sectionally and over time, with three health measures. The first data set consists of a 1990 telephone interview of a national probability sample of U.S. households. There are 2,031 respondents, aged 18 to 90. The second is a national probability sample of U.S. households in which 2,436 respondents aged 20 to 64 were interviewed by telephone in 1979 and reinterviewed in 1980. We find that the gap in self-reported health, in physical functioning, and in physical well-being among people with high and low educational attainment increases with age. The health advantage of the well educated is larger in older age groups than in younger. Health advantages of high income and disadvantages of low income also diverge with age, but household income does nor explain education's positive effect.