Use of Linkage Mapping and Centrality Analysis Across Habitat Gradients to Conserve Connectivity of Gray Wolf Populations in Western North America
Use of Linkage Mapping and Centrality Analysis Across Habitat Gradients to Conserve Connectivity of Gray Wolf Populations in Western North America
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01753.x
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Brookes, Allen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carroll, Carlos;McRae, Brad H.;Brookes, Allen
中心性指标评估景观上所有可能的成对组合站点之间的路径，以排名每个站点对促进整个站点网络的生态流的贡献。计算的进步，现在允许应用中心性指标的景观表示为连续梯度的栖息地质量。这避免了二元分类的景观斑块和矩阵所需的斑块为基础的图形分析的连通性。它还避免了大多数连通性分析的走廊或联系制图方法所特有的侧重于划定各对核心区之间的路径的做法。保护区域栖息地的连通性有可能促进灰狼（Canis lupus）的恢复，灰狼是一种目前在美国西部使其历史范围的一部分消失的物种。我们应用3对比链接映射方法（最短路径，电流，最小成本最大流量）的空间数据代表狼栖息地分析狼种群之间的连接在中部爱达荷州和黄石国家公园（怀俄明州）。然后，我们应用3个类似的介数中心性指标来分析整个美国西北部和加拿大西南部狼栖息地的连通性，以确定在哪里可以促进范围扩展和种群间扩散。我们开发了软件来促进中心性度量的应用。最短路径介数中心确定了一个最小的网络链接类似于那些确定的最低成本路径走廊映射。当前流量和最小成本最大流量介数中心确定扩散网络，其中包括替代链接，这将允许更大的灵活性规划。最小成本最大流量介数中心性，通过整合土地成本和栖息地容量，允许连通性被考虑在规划过程中，寻求以最低的成本最大限度地保护物种。中心性分析是相关的保护和景观遗传学在一系列的空间范围内，但它可能是最广泛适用于单物种和多物种的规划工作，以保护区域栖息地的连通性。
Centrality metrics evaluate paths between all possible pairwise combinations of sites on a landscape to rank the contribution of each site to facilitating ecological flows across the network of sites. Computational advances now allow application of centrality metrics to landscapes represented as continuous gradients of habitat quality. This avoids the binary classification of landscapes into patch and matrix required by patch-based graph analyses of connectivity. It also avoids the focus on delineating paths between individual pairs of core areas characteristic of most corridor- or linkage-mapping methods of connectivity analysis. Conservation of regional habitat connectivity has the potential to facilitate recovery of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), a species currently recolonizing portions of its historic range in the western United States. We applied 3 contrasting linkage-mapping methods (shortest path, current flow, and minimum-cost-maximum-flow) to spatial data representing wolf habitat to analyze connectivity between wolf populations in central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming). We then applied 3 analogous betweenness centrality metrics to analyze connectivity of wolf habitat throughout the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada to determine where it might be possible to facilitate range expansion and interpopulation dispersal. We developed software to facilitate application of centrality metrics. Shortest-path betweenness centrality identified a minimal network of linkages analogous to those identified by least-cost-path corridor mapping. Current flow and minimum-cost-maximum-flow betweenness centrality identified diffuse networks that included alternative linkages, which will allow greater flexibility in planning. Minimum-cost-maximum-flow betweenness centrality, by integrating both land cost and habitat capacity, allows connectivity to be considered within planning processes that seek to maximize species protection at minimum cost. Centrality analysis is relevant to conservation and landscape genetics at a range of spatial extents, but it may be most broadly applicable within single- and multispecies planning efforts to conserve regional habitat connectivity.