Chemically Induced Birth Defects
Chemically Induced Birth Defects
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jp.7210778
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发表时间：
2002-12
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
R. Kirby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Kirby
看到这本经典而翔实的教科书的新版本，就像是在离开多年之后拜访一位大学老同学，共同经历的轮廓形成了更新的基础，通过更新生命历程的道路。Schardein保留了他简明参考著作的基本结构，同时纳入了新的信息，并修订了动物模型、毒理学、发育和生殖流行病学研究提供了新见解的章节。用作者的话来说，本文的目的是“就药物和化学品在动物和人类中的潜在致畸性对现有数据进行编目”（第六页）。这是通过一系列的章节，分为两个部分，一个集中在药物，另一个在化学品，其中介绍了有关药物和化学品暴露致畸的原则。大多数实质性章节都以熟悉的方式组织，从一般介绍开始，然后依次介绍每类潜在暴露，首先回顾动物研究文献，然后考虑人类研究。各章以一个结论部分和一套冗长的参考文献结束。大约四分之三的文字是专门讨论药物及其对发育中的胎儿的影响。本节包括23个单独的章节，涵盖用于治疗特定疾病和生物体的药物以及用于身体系统特定疾病的药物。还有关于食品添加剂和饮食问题以及“个人和社会药物”的章节。这些章节在动物模型和人类研究之间的全面性和平衡性方面有所不同。该文本在某些方面并不通用。例如，20世纪90年代，美国的出生缺陷监测进展迅速，超出了第80页所讨论的范围，每年受抗惊厥治疗影响的妊娠人数可追溯到1984年（第179页）。另一方面，关于沙利度胺的章节反映了其使用和国家上市后监测活动的最新发展。
Seeing a new edition of this classic and informative text is like visiting an old college classmate after an absence of many years—the contours of shared experience form the basis for renewal through updating the path of life’s course in the intervening period. Schardein has retained the basic structure of his compendious reference work while incorporating new information and revising sections where studies from animal models, toxicology, and developmental and reproductive epidemiology have provided new insights. The purpose of the text, in the author’s words, is ‘‘to catalog the available data on drugs and chemicals with respect to their potential teratogenicity in animals and humans’’(p. vi). This is accomplished through a series of chapters, divided into two parts, one focused on drugs, and the other on chemicals, which follow an introduction to the principles of teratogenesis relevant to drug and chemical exposures. Most of the substantive chapters are organized in a familiar manner, beginning with a general introduction, then taking each class of potential exposures in turn, first reviewing the literature on animal studies and then considering the research in humans. The chapters end with a concluding section and a lengthy set of references. Approximately three-fourths of the text is devoted to drugs and their effects on the developing fetus. This section includes 23 separate chapters, covering medications used to treat specific diseases and organisms as well as drugs used for body system-specific ailments. There are also chapters on food additives and dietary issues, and on ‘‘personal and social drugs.’’The chapters vary in comprehensiveness and balance between animal model and human studies. The text is not current in some areas. For example, birth defects surveillance in the United States has progressed rapidly in the 1990s beyond the point discussed on p. 80, and the reference to the number of pregnancies affected by anticonvulsant therapy each year dates to 1984 (p. 179). On the other hand, the chapter on thalidomide reflects recent developments in its use and national postmarketing surveillance activities.