Applied Evolutionary Anthropology - Darwinian Approaches to Contemporary World Issues
Applied Evolutionary Anthropology - Darwinian Approaches to Contemporary World Issues
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应用进化人类学 - 达尔文主义解决当代世界问题的方法
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-0280-4_3
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lamba S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lamba S
小额信贷倡议向低收入背景的个人提供财政支持和贷款，否则他们将被排除在主流银行服务之外。他们通过向共同承担还款责任的个人群体提供贷款来实现这一目标。这种借贷模式产生了一种合作困境，因为如果一个贷款组的任何成员有缺陷，不偿还他/她的贷款份额，那么这个组的其他成员有责任为他/她偿还贷款。维持借款人之间的合作，解决小额信贷模式造成的合作困境，可能是确保贷款偿还的关键。大量经济学文献指出了鼓励小额信贷计划成功偿还贷款和防止违约的因素。在这里，我比较了关于小额信贷的经济学文献和同样丰富的关于鼓励和维持个人之间合作因素的进化文献。我发现了这两个研究机构之间的相似之处，它们迄今为止都是独立发展的。将它们结合在一起，使我们能够检查将进化理论应用于当代经济问题的力量和局限性，并可能在这两个学科中激发新的问题和见解。
Microfinance initiatives provide financial support and loans to individuals from low-income backgrounds who are otherwise excluded from mainstream banking services. They do so by providing loans to groups of individuals who are jointly liable for their repayment. This model of lending creates a cooperative dilemma because if any member of a loan group defects and does not repay his/her share of the loan, the other members of the group are liable to repay it for him/her. Maintaining cooperation among borrowers and solving the cooperative dilemma created by the microfinance model may be crucial to ensure loan repayment. A vast literature in economics identifies factors that encourage successful loan repayment in microfinance initiatives and those that prevent defaults. Here, I compare the economic literature on microfinance and the equally prolific evolutionary literature on factors that encourage and maintain cooperation among individuals. I identify parallels between these two bodies of research, which have so far developed independently. Bringing them together enables us to examine the power and limitations of applying evolutionary theory to contemporary economic issues and may stimulate novel questions and insights in both disciplines.