Regulatory linkages between flagella and surfactant during swarming behavior: lubricating the flagellar propeller?
Regulatory linkages between flagella and surfactant during swarming behavior: lubricating the flagellar propeller?
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群集行为期间鞭毛和表面活性剂之间的调节联系：润滑鞭毛螺旋桨？
DOI：
10.1128/jb.00019-12
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Fuqua,Clay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu,Jing;Platt,ThomasG;Fuqua,Clay
许多细菌使用鞭毛运动探索其直接环境，在半固体表面上，这种鞭毛驱动的运动被称为群集（22）。几十个属表现出群集运动，它可以在生物膜形成（9，28），毒力功能（1，2，31），和新环境的殖民地发挥重要作用。群集通常依赖于表面活性剂的释放，表面活性剂是降低液体临界表面张力的化合物。细菌生物表面活性剂是复杂的有机分子，通常是脂质、糖脂或脂肽。表面活性剂的产生通常被认为减少了细菌细胞在群集过程中在表面上的阻力，并促进了横向运动。鉴于鞭毛驱动的群集运动和表面活性剂的生产之间的功能联系，这些过程的协同调节可能是预期的。鞭毛的生物发生在一个逐步组装的过程中受到精细的控制，为运动和相关功能的额外调控输入和输出提供了丰富的机会。除了鞭毛生物发生（1，12，19，37）和趋化性功能（8，26），其他几种细菌行为可以与群集运动相结合;这些行为包括毒力功能（2）和细胞表面多糖的产生（17）。在本期的《细菌学杂志》上，Burch et al. (7)报告有趣的发现;他们鉴定了3-（3-羟基烷酰氧基）链烷酸（HAA），一种来自附生植物病原体假单胞菌的脂质型表面活性剂。菜B728 a。丁香假单胞菌是植物褐斑病的病原体，并且是植物叶表面定殖的良好模型（15）。转座子突变体筛选导致鉴定HAA合成所需的P. erichingae基因。几个转座子突变体已经引起鞭毛生物合成基因的破坏，导致HAA产量减少或增加。这些突变体的进一步探索揭示了一个非常微妙的协调鞭毛组装和功能与表面活性剂的生产。
Many bacteria explore their immediate environment using fla-gellar locomotion, and on semisolid surfaces, this type of flagellum-driven motility is known as swarming (22). Dozens of genera exhibit swarming motility, and it can play an important role in biofilm formation (9, 28), virulence functions (1, 2, 31), and the colonization of new environments. Swarming generally relies upon the release of surfactants, compounds that reduce the critical surface tension of liquids. Bacterial biosurfactants are complex organic molecules, often lipids, glycolipids, or lipopeptides. Surfactant production is generally thought to reduce the drag of the bacterial cell on the surface during swarming and facilitate lateral movement. Given the functional linkage between flagellum-driven swarming locomotion and surfactant production, coregulation of these processes might be expected. Flagellar biogenesis is exquisitely controlled in a stepwise assembly process, providing abundant opportunities for additional regulatory inputs and outputs on motility and related functions. In addition to flagellar biogenesis (1, 12, 19, 37) and chemotaxis functions (8, 26), several other bacterial behaviors can be integrated with swarming motility; these behaviors include virulence functions (2) and the production of cell-surface polysaccharides (17). In this issue of theJournal of Bacteriology, Burch et al.(7) report intriguing findings; they identified 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acid (HAA), a lipid-type surfactant from the epiphytic plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. P. syringae is the causative agent of plant brown spot disease and has served as an excellent model for plant leaf surface colonization (15). A transposon mutant screen led to the identification of P. syringae genes required for HAA synthesis. Several transposon mutants had incurred disruptions in flagellar biosynthetic genes, resulting in either diminished or elevated HAA production. Further exploration of these mutants revealed a highly nuanced coordination of flagellar assembly and function with surfactant production.