Anticipatory 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations are associated with escalated alcohol intake in dependent rats
Anticipatory 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations are associated with escalated alcohol intake in dependent rats
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.003
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Vendruscolo, Leandro F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buck, Cara L.;Malavar, Jordan C.;Vendruscolo, Leandro F.
大鼠在增加动机的情况下发出50 kHz的超声波发声（USV），例如在预期美味的食物或滥用药物期间。对于酒精摄入量的预期是否也是如此仍然未知。在非依赖状态下饮酒被认为是由其奖励效应（正强化）介导的，而在依赖状态下饮酒则是由酒精的压力缓解效应（负强化）驱动的。在这里，我们测量了上下文引起的50 kHz USVs酒精依赖（酒精蒸汽暴露）和非依赖大鼠前立即操作酒精自我管理会议。依赖大鼠酒精摄入量与非依赖大鼠相比呈上升趋势。总体而言，依赖性和非依赖性大鼠表现出相似的预期50 kHz USV水平。然而，预期USV的数量与酒精摄入量在依赖性大鼠中呈正相关，而非依赖性大鼠。此外，与酒精摄入量较低的大鼠相比，酒精摄入量较高的依赖大鼠显示出预期50 kHz USV增加，而在非依赖组中，酒精摄入量较高和较低的大鼠之间没有观察到差异。增加的50 kHz USV是特定的酒精自我管理的预期，并没有推广到一个新的环境。这些研究结果表明，预期的50 kHz USV可能是上下文引起的负强化学习的指标。(C)2014由Elsevier B.V.出版
Rats emit 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in situations of increased motivation, such as during the anticipation of palatable food or drugs of abuse. Whether the same holds true for the anticipation of alcohol intake remains unknown. Alcohol drinking in a nondependent state is thought to be mediated by its rewarding effects (positive reinforcement), whereas drinking in the dependent state is motivated by alcohol's stress-relieving effects (negative reinforcement). Here, we measured context-elicited 50 kHz USVs in alcohol-dependent (alcohol vapor-exposed) and nondependent rats immediately before operant alcohol self-administration sessions. Dependent rats showed escalated levels of alcohol intake compared with nondependent rats. Overall, dependent and nondependent rats showed similar levels of anticipatory 50 kHz USVs. However, the number of anticipatory USVs was positively correlated with alcohol intake in dependent rats but not nondependent rats. Additionally, dependent rats with higher alcohol intake displayed increased anticipatory 50 kHz USVs compared with rats that had lower alcohol intake, whereas no difference was observed between rats with high and low alcohol intake in the nondependent group. Increased 50 kHz USVs were specific for the anticipation of alcohol self-administration and did not generalize to a novel environment. These findings suggest that anticipatory 50 kHz USVs may be an indicator of context-elicited negative reinforcement learning. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.