Cooperation and collapse in a communal livestock production SES model - A case from South Africa
Cooperation and collapse in a communal livestock production SES model - A case from South Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.12.008
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Naumann, Christiane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rasch, Sebastian;Heckelei, Thomas;Naumann, Christiane
制度安排被认为是成功治理公地的必要条件。如果它们是自组织的，而不是外部强加的，那么它们被认为是最有效的。然而，内生的制度安排，如地方规范，是特定社会生态系统（SES）所特有的。本文提出了南非公共畜牧生产者的SES模型。其生物物理成分解释了生物和非生物因素对牲畜种群的影响。以社会代理为基础的组件对个人和社会决定的行为进行建模，后者是具体情况下的社会规范。模型结果表明，当合作主体服从并批准规范时，从牲畜种群崩溃的角度来看，SES崩溃的可能性较小。然而，只有在生态危机时期，在培育社会重组的情况下，代理人之间的合作才会出现。这场危机为启动相互合作的自我执行进程创造了机会。模型规格是基于调查数据，代理是根据个体家庭数据参数化的。敏感性分析表明，如果不改变模型结果，这种经验异质性就不能降低。(C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Institutional arrangements are considered necessary for successfully governing the commons. They are considered to be most effective if they are self-organized rather than imposed from outside. However, endogenous institutional arrangements, such as local norms, are specific to a particular socio-ecological system (SES). This paper presents a SES model of communal livestock producers in South Africa. Its biophysical component accounts for the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on livestock population. The social agent-based component models individual and socially determined behaviour, the latter of which is a social norm specific to the case. Model results show that when cooperative agents obey and sanction the norm, there is less likelihood of SES collapse in terms of livestock population crashes. However, cooperation among agents only emerges in times of ecological crisis where social reorganization is fostered. The crisis creates an opportunity for initializing a self-enforcing process of mutual cooperation. Model specifications are based on survey data, and agents were parameterized according to individual household data. A sensitivity analysis shows that this empirical heterogeneity cannot be reduced without changing model outcomes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.