Travails of microgravity : man and microbes in space
Travails of microgravity : man and microbes in space
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
Yu. F. Gagarin
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作者：
Yu. F. Gagarin
长期以来，科学家们一直担心太空飞行的负面影响;事实上，当尤里·加加林在1961年乘坐东方一号进行历史性飞行时，由于担心长期暴露在太空环境中可能会致命，它仅限于绕地球的单一轨道。虽然这些担心被夸大了，但现在很明显，太空环境确实对人类和微生物产生了一些影响，这是太空旅行者所关注的。在空间遇到的独特压力包括物理因素，如暴露在明显减弱的重力和异常强烈的辐射下，以及因隔离和限制在禁区内而造成的心理压力。睡眠中断、食欲不振以及随之而来的营养不足也带来了其他问题。虽然所有方面都很重要，但最近人们的兴趣主要集中在重力下降的影响上。由于这个星球上的生命是以重力作为一个恒定的特征进化的，因此人们对地球上的生命如何应对前所未有的重力降低（通常称为微重力）的经历感到好奇。微重力对人类的有害影响已被记录在案。根据S V Lynch和A Matin的研究，宇航员的骨密度可能会减少3%。
Scientists have long worried about the adverse effects of spaceflight; indeed when Yuri Gagarin made his historic flight in 1961 on Vostok I, it was limited to a single orbit around the Earth amidst fears that prolonged exposure to the space environment might prove deadly. While these fears turned out to be exaggerated, it is now evident that the space environment does produce several effects on both man and microbes which are of concern to space travellers. The unique stresses encountered in space include physical factors, such as exposure to markedly diminished gravity and unusually strong radiation, as well as psychological stress caused by isolation and confinement to a restricted area. Sleep disruption, lack of appetite and consequent inadequate nutrition pose additional problems. While all aspects are important, much interest has recently centred on the effects of decreased gravity. Since life on this planet evolved with gravity as a constant feature, there is curiosity about how earthly life copes with the entirely unprecedented experience of reduced gravity (commonly referred to as microgravity). The harmful effects of microgravity on humans have been documented. Astronauts can lose up to 3% of bone density per S V Lynch and A Matin