Global change drives modern plankton communities away from the pre-industrial state
Global change drives modern plankton communities away from the pre-industrial state
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-019-1230-3
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发表时间：
2019-06-20
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Kucera, Michal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jonkers, Lukas;Hillebrand, Helmut;Kucera, Michal
海洋-地球上最大的生态系统-越来越受到人为气候变化的影响（1，2）。在海洋生态系统的物种物候、分布范围扩展和群落组成方面，已经发现了全球一致的大规模变化（3-5）。然而，尽管有证据表明海洋生态系统正在发生变化，但海洋生态系统是否已经进入人类世（6）状态，超出了自然的十年至百年变化，仍然是未知的。这是因为大多数观测时间序列缺乏长期基线，并且少数时间序列可以追溯到前工业时代，其空间覆盖范围有限（7，8）。在这里，我们使用的独特潜力的沉积记录的浮游有孔虫无处不在的海洋动物，提供了一个全球性的工业化前的基线组成的现代物种群落。我们使用了一个全球汇编的3,774个前工业时代的海底浮游有孔虫群落（9），并将其与自公元1978年以来（33个地点，87个观测年）采样浮游生物通量的沉积物捕获器时间序列中的群落进行了比较。我们发现，人类世组合不同，从工业化前的对应比例的历史温度变化。我们观察到社区的变化，朝着温暖或凉爽的成分，是一致的，在85%的情况下，在温度的历史变化。这些观测结果不仅证实了海洋浮游动物群落在历史时期发生变化的现有证据，而且还表明，全球分布的浮游动物群体的人类世群落系统地不同于其未受干扰的工业化前状态。
The ocean-the Earth's largest ecosystem-is increasingly affected by anthropogenic climate change(1,2). Large and globally consistent shifts have been detected in species phenology, range extension and community composition in marine ecosystems(3-5). However, despite evidence for ongoing change, it remains unknown whether marine ecosystems have entered an Anthropocene(6) state beyond the natural decadal to centennial variability. This is because most observational time series lack a long-term baseline, and the few time series that extend back into the pre-industrial era have limited spatial coverage(7,8). Here we use the unique potential of the sedimentary record of planktonic foraminifera-ubiquitous marine zooplankton-to provide a global pre-industrial baseline for the composition of modern species communities. We use a global compilation of 3,774 seafloor-derived planktonic foraminifera communities of pre-industrial age(9) and compare these with communities from sediment-trap time series that have sampled plankton flux since AD 1978 (33 sites, 87 observation years). We find that the Anthropocene assemblages differ from their pre-industrial counterparts in proportion to the historical change in temperature. We observe community changes towards warmer or cooler compositions that are consistent with historical changes in temperature in 85% of the cases. These observations not only confirm the existing evidence for changes in marine zooplankton communities in historical times, but also demonstrate that Anthropocene communities of a globally distributed zooplankton group systematically differ from their unperturbed pre-industrial state.