Evaluation of nest-site selection of ground-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) using emergence traps
Evaluation of nest-site selection of ground-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) using emergence traps
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DOI：
10.4039/tce.2019.3
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Ellis, James D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cope, Grace C.;Campbell, Joshua W.;Ellis, James D.
在已知的3万种蜜蜂（膜翅目）中，约有70%和大多数访花独居黄蜂（膜翅目）在地面筑巢。然而，大多数地面筑巢的蜜蜂和黄蜂的筑巢行为知之甚少。栖息地的丧失，包括筑巢的栖息地，威胁着地面筑巢的蜜蜂和黄蜂的数量。大多数在地面筑巢的蜜蜂和黄蜂的研究都采用了捕捉觅食个体的陷阱方法，但对这些分类群的筑巢偏好却知之甚少。一些研究人员认为，出现陷阱可能提供了一种合适的方法来确定地面筑巢的蜜蜂和黄蜂的数量。在两个研究系统中，利用诱捕器对地面筑巢蜜蜂和胡蜂的巢址选择进行了评价：(1)在农田中种植野花增强区和休耕控制区；(2)山地松树和吊床生境在森林中。在三年（2015-2017）的时间里，我们从所有研究地点的紧急陷阱中收集了306只地面筑巢的蜜蜂和黄蜂。在一项研究中，我们比较了彩色平底陷阱和羽化陷阱每个陷阱的捕获量，发现彩色平底陷阱捕获的地面筑巢的蜜蜂和黄蜂比羽化陷阱多得多。根据我们的出现陷阱数据，我们的结果还表明，地面筑巢的蜜蜂和黄蜂更倾向于在野花增强区筑巢，而不是在休闲对照区筑巢，在高地松树栖息地筑巢，而不是在吊床林中筑巢。综上所述，出现陷阱有可能成为了解地面筑巢蜜蜂和黄蜂栖息地需求的独特工具。
Approximately 70% of the 30 000 known bee (Hymenoptera) species and most flower-visiting, solitary wasps (Hymenoptera) nest in the ground. However, nesting behaviours of most ground-nesting bees and wasps are poorly understood. Habitat loss, including nesting habitat, threatens populations of ground-nesting bees and wasps. Most ground-nesting bee and wasp studies implement trapping methods that capture foraging individuals, but provide little insight into the nesting preferences of these taxa. Some researchers have suggested that emergence traps may provide a suitable means by which to determine ground-nesting bee and wasp abundance. We sought to evaluate nest-site selection of ground-nesting bees and wasps using emergence traps in two study systems: (1) planted wildflower enhancement plots and fallow control plots in agricultural land; and (2) upland pine and hammock habitat in forests. Over the course of three years (2015-2017), we collected 306 ground-nesting bees and wasps across all study sites from emergence traps. In one study, we compared captures per trap between coloured pan traps and emergence traps and found that coloured pan traps captured far more ground-nesting bees and wasps than did emergence traps. Based on our emergence trap data, our results also suggest ground-nesting bees and wasps are more apt to nest within wildflower enhancement plots than in fallow control plots, and in upland pine habitats than in hammock forests. In conclusion, emergence traps have potential to be a unique tool to gain understanding of ground-nesting bee and wasp habitat requirements.