Pre-start timing information is used to set final linear speed in a C-start manoeuvre
Pre-start timing information is used to set final linear speed in a C-start manoeuvre
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.105510
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Schuster, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reinel, Caroline;Schuster, Stefan
在它们独特的狩猎行为中，射水鱼使用一种复杂的运动决定来保护它们的猎物：仅仅基于被移动的猎物最初摔倒的方式，它们选择一种适应的C-start动作，将鱼转向水面上猎物稍后着陆的点。此外，它们以设定的速度起飞，以便及时到达。我们在这里表明，c型启动机动，而不是随后的尾巴拍打是必要的，充分的设置这种自适应水平的速度。此外，c型启动模式进行调整，以独立确定转角和起飞速度。这两个方面的选择不需要先验信息，而是基于从目标运动开始到C-start启动的采样信息来完成的。在c型启动操作之后，可以直接进行鳍击，但这并不需要微调起飞速度，而是要保持它。通过探索鱼在各种条件下设定起飞速度的方式，在这些条件下，从后来的捕获点和时间到撞击的距离变化很大且不可预测，我们发现C-start机动是基于C-start前对距离和时间的估计来编程的。因此，我们的研究为c型启动提供了第一个证据，该启动经过微调，可以产生自适应的速度水平。
In their unique hunting behaviour, archerfish use a complex motor decision to secure their prey: based solely on how dislodged prey initially falls, they select an adapted C-start manoeuvre that turns the fish right towards the point on the water surface where their prey will later land. Furthermore, they take off at a speed that is set so as to arrive in time. We show here that the C-start manoeuvre and not subsequent tail beating is necessary and sufficient for setting this adaptive level of speed. Furthermore, the C-start pattern is adjusted to independently determine both the turning angle and the take-off speed. The selection of both aspects requires no a priori information and is done based on information sampled from the onset of target motion until the C-start is launched. Fin strokes can occur right after the C-start manoeuvre but are not required to fine-tune take-off speed, but rather to maintain it. By probing the way in which the fish set their take-off speed in a wide range of conditions in which distance from the later catching point and time until impact varied widely and unpredictably, we found that the C-start manoeuvre is programmed based on pre-C-start estimates of distance and time until impact. Our study hence provides the first evidence for a C-start that is fine-tuned to produce an adaptive speed level.