Homing in on the specific phenotype(s) of central respiratory chemoreceptors.
Homing in on the specific phenotype(s) of central respiratory chemoreceptors.
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瞄准中枢呼吸化学感受器的特定表型。
DOI：
10.1113/expphysiol.2005.029843
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Diez-Sampedro,A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Richerson,GB;Wang,W;Hodges,MR;Dohle,CI;Diez-Sampedro,A
对一些人来说，我们现在对呼吸化学感受的了解似乎比20年前要少。当时，人们普遍认为中枢呼吸化学感受器（CRCs）仅位于腹外侧髓质（VLMS）表面或附近。现在，人们普遍认为存在广泛的化学接受位点，但对于这些位点何时以及如何参与呼吸控制，人们几乎没有达成一致意见。然而，该领域的人知道这实际上是一种进步，主要是因为我们已经从简单地识别候选区域，到识别可能是传感器的特定神经元亚型。在这篇特邀评论中，我们被要求讨论该领域当前的一些争议。首先，我们定义了一个单元格成为CRC的最低要求，以及在没有更多数据的情况下不能做出哪些假设。然后，我们回顾了两种神经元亚型，即中线核的血清素能神经元和后梯形核的谷氨酸能神经元是化学受体的证据。有证据支持这两种类型的神经元以及其他候选神经元在呼吸化学接受中起作用，但也有一些信息缺失。未来的工作将需要关注哪些候选物质确实是化学感受器，每种物质在总体反应中所占的百分比，以及在不同条件下这个百分比是如何变化的。
To some it may seem that we now know less about respiratory chemoreception than we did 20 years ago. Back then, it was widely accepted that the central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) were located exclusively on or near the surface of the ventrolateral medulla (VLMS). Now, instead, it is generally believed that there are widespread sites of chemoreception, and there is little agreement on when and how each of these sites is involved in respiratory control. However, those in the field know that this actually is progress, primarily because we have gone from simply identifying candidate regions, to identifying specific neuronal subtypes that may be the sensors. In this invited review, we have been asked to discuss some of the current controversies in the field. First, we define the minimal requirements for a cell to be a CRC, and what assumptions can not be made without more data. Then we review the evidence that two neuronal subtypes, serotonergic neurones of the midline raphé and glutamatergic neurones of the retrotrapezoid nucleus, are chemoreceptors. There is evidence supporting a role in respiratory chemoreception for both types of neurone, as well as the other candidates, but there is also information that is missing. Future work will need to focus on which of the candidates are indeed chemoreceptors, what percentage of the overall response each one contributes, and how this percentage varies under different conditions.