Efficient representation of quantum many-body states with deep neural networks.

Efficient representation of quantum many-body states with deep neural networks.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-017-00705-2
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发表时间:
2017-09-22
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Duan LM
Duan LM
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gao X;Duan LM

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量子多体问题的部分挑战来自于表示大尺度量子态的困难,这通常需要指数级大量的参数。神经网络提供了一个强大的工具来表示量子多体状态。一个重要的未决问题是深度和浅层神经网络的表征能力是什么,由于深度学习方法的流行,这是一个根本性的问题。在这里,我们给出了一个证明,假设一个被广泛认为的计算复杂性猜想,深度神经网络可以有效地表示大多数物理状态,包括多体哈密顿的基态和量子动力学产生的状态,而具有限制玻尔兹曼机的浅网络表示不能有效地表示其中一些状态。量子多体物理研究中的一个挑战是寻找一种有效的方法来记录大系统的波函数。在这里,作者分析了最近提出的神经网络表示存储物理可访问量子态的能力。
Part of the challenge for quantum many-body problems comes from the difficulty of representing large-scale quantum states, which in general requires an exponentially large number of parameters. Neural networks provide a powerful tool to represent quantum many-body states. An important open question is what characterizes the representational power of deep and shallow neural networks, which is of fundamental interest due to the popularity of deep learning methods. Here, we give a proof that, assuming a widely believed computational complexity conjecture, a deep neural network can efficiently represent most physical states, including the ground states of many-body Hamiltonians and states generated by quantum dynamics, while a shallow network representation with a restricted Boltzmann machine cannot efficiently represent some of those states. One of the challenges in studies of quantum many-body physics is finding an efficient way to record the large system wavefunctions. Here the authors present an analysis of the capabilities of recently-proposed neural network representations for storing physically accessible quantum states.
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