Rhetoric and the law, or the law of rhetoric: How countries oppose novel tobacco control measures at the World Trade Organization
Rhetoric and the law, or the law of rhetoric: How countries oppose novel tobacco control measures at the World Trade Organization
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.026
复制
发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Labonte, Ronald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lencucha, Raphael;Drope, Jeffrey;Labonte, Ronald
烟草业制定了一系列广泛的战略和论点，以防止或削弱政府的监管。这些战略和论点在国内一级有充分的文件记载。然而，仍有必要研究这些论点如何反映在世界贸易组织（世贸组织）内各国政府提出的挑战中。世贸组织做出的决定有可能影响各国的治理方式。我们的分析是对两种新的烟草控制措施进行的：烟草添加剂禁令（加拿大，美国和巴西）和烟草产品的简单标准化包装（澳大利亚，新西兰，爱尔兰，欧盟和英国）。我们分析了WTO文件（即会议记录和意见书）（n = 62），以确定论证模式，并将这些模式与有据可查的行业论点进行比较。这些论点的模式表明，尽管世贸组织有独特的体制结构，但反对新的烟草控制措施的国家代表使用的非技术性论点与烟草业在国内一级继续使用的反对这些措施的论点相同。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
The tobacco industry has developed an extensive array of strategies and arguments to prevent or weaken government regulation. These strategies and arguments are well documented at the domestic level. However, there remains a need to examine how these arguments are reflected in the challenges waged by governments within the World Trade Organization (WTO). Decisions made at the WTO have the potential to shape how countries govern. Our analysis was conducted on two novel tobacco control measures: tobacco additives bans (Canada, United States and Brazil) and plain, standardized packaging of tobacco products (Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, EU and UK). We analyzed WTO documents (i.e. meeting minutes and submissions) (n = 62) in order to identify patterns of argumentation and compare these patterns with well-documented industry arguments. The pattern of these arguments reveal that despite the unique institutional structure of the WTO, country representatives opposing novel tobacco control measures use the same non-technical arguments as those that the tobacco industry continues to use to oppose these measures at the domestic level. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.