Optimal COVID-19 Vaccination Facility Location
Optimal COVID-19 Vaccination Facility Location
复制标题
COVID-19 疫苗接种设施的最佳位置
DOI：
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Elisa Long
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fernanda Bravo;Jingyuan Hu;Elisa Long
新冠肺炎接种率的社会经济差异在一定程度上是由于接种地点选择不当，往往需要非常繁重的旅行距离。2021年初，美国政府启动了联邦零售药房计划(FRPP)，以提供新的接入点，但这些药店往往位于高收入的城市地区。我们使用加利福尼亚州的横断面数据，实证检验了距离疫苗接种地点的距离与接种率之间的关系。使用健康场所指数(HPI)--社区健康的综合衡量标准--我们发现，HPI最低四分位数的居民比最高四分位数的居民对距离的敏感性要高得多。将接种疫苗所需的距离减半会使最低四分位数的疫苗接种率增加5%，是最高四分位数预期变化的五倍。小组数据回归分析证实，缩短距离大规模疫苗接种地点的距离会增加疫苗接种量。将我们的疫苗接种需求曲线整合到设施选址模型中，我们计算到接种地点的距离的变化-以及在最佳地点选择后疫苗接种的相关收益。我们扩大了可行地点的范围，将一元店包括在内，这些商店通常位于受疫情影响最严重的低收入社区。用精选的美元商店取代4035家现有药店中的744家(18%)，加州的疫苗接种量增加了150万，其中包括HPI最低四分位数的53万。忽视需求异质性会扩大疫苗接种差距，因为资源会向更健康、更富裕的社区转移。我们的研究提供了一个量化框架，以帮助政策制定者进行未来的疫苗分配和获得加强疫苗，特别是针对边缘人群。
Socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rates are partly attributable to poor vaccination site selection, often requiring excessively burdensome travel distances. In early 2021, the U.S. government launched the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) to offer new access points, yet these pharmacies tend to locate in high-income, urban areas. We empirically examine how proximity to a vaccination site relates to uptake using cross-sectional data within California. Using Healthy Places Index (HPI)—a composite measure of a community’s health—we find that the lowest HPI quartile residents are significantly more sensitive to distance than those in the top quartile. Halving the distance required to get vaccinated increases vaccinations by 5% in the lowest quartile, five-times the expected change in the top quartile. Panel data regression analyses confirm that reducing distance to a mass vaccination site causally increases vaccinations. Integrating our vaccination demand curves into a facility location model, we compute the change in distance to a vaccination site—and the associated gain in vaccination uptake—following optimal site selection. We expand the set of feasible locations to include dollar stores, which typically locate in lower-income communities hardest hit by the pandemic. Replacing 744 (18%) of the 4,035 existing pharmacies with optimally chosen dollar stores increases vaccinations by 1.5 million in California, including 530,000 in the bottom HPI quartile. Ignoring demand heterogeneity widens the vaccination gap, as resources shift to healthier and wealthier communities. Our study offers a quantitative framework to help policymakers with future vaccine allocation and access to boosters, particularly for marginalized populations.
DOI：
10.1016/j.cor.2022.106028
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
Comput. Oper. Res.
影响因子：
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作者：
Beste Basciftci;Xian Yu;Siqian Shen
通讯作者：
Beste Basciftci;Xian Yu;Siqian Shen