Social identity, self-categorization, and work motivation: Rethinking the contribution of the group to positive and sustainable organisational outcomes
Social identity, self-categorization, and work motivation: Rethinking the contribution of the group to positive and sustainable organisational outcomes
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DOI：
10.1111/1464-0597.00018
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Turner, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haslam, SA;Powell, C;Turner, JC
传统的需求理论围绕着层次结构，从“低层次”的安全、生存或卫生需求到“高层次”的自我实现、成就和成长需求。当应用到组织领域时，这些理论倾向于假设员工对挑战和发展的个人需求是工作动机的最佳来源。基于社会认同和自我分类理论，本文将需求层次解释为自我定义的变化。它表明，不同需求的动机影响的变化作为一个功能的显着性的规范和目标与自我类别定义在不同层次的抽象（个人，社会，人类）。因此，没有一个层次的需求本质上比其他层次的需求更能激励员工。这一分析还表明，基于群体的需求将发挥特别重要的激励作用的情况下，个人的社会身份是突出的。在泰勒的工作之后，一项研究提供了支持这一论点的数据。在这项研究中，员工在操纵基于群体的自豪感和尊重之后，参与公民行为的意愿增加了。结果表明，自我实现在集体而不仅仅是个人层面上具有生产性和可持续性的潜力。
Traditional needs theories centre around hierarchies ranging from "lower-level" needs for security, existence, or hygiene through to "higher-level" needs for self-actualisation, achievement, and growth. As applied to the organisational domain, such theories tend to assume that an employee's personal need for challenge and development is the best source of work motivation. Based on social identity and self-categorisation theories, this paper interprets needs hierarchies as reflections of the variable definition of self. It suggests that the motivational impact of different needs changes as a function of the salience of norms and goals associated with self-categories defined at varying levels of abstraction (personal, social, human). As a result, no one level of need is inherently more relevant to employee motivation than any other. This analysis also suggests that group-based needs will play an especially important motivational role in situations where an individual's social identity is salient. Following work by Tyler, data that support this argument are provided by a study in which employees' willingness to engage in citizenship behaviour increased following manipulations of group-based pride and respect. Results point to the productive and sustainable potential of self-actualisation at a collective rather than just a personal level.