FIGURAL EMPHASIS AND PERSON PERCEPTION
FIGURAL EMPHASIS AND PERSON PERCEPTION
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1031(77)90051-8
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
POST, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MCARTHUR, LZ;POST, DL
基于Jones和Nisbett（1972）的命题，即行为者与观察者之间因果归因的差异源于注意力焦点的差异，假设观察者的注意力焦点会影响他们对行为者行为的因果归因。更具体地说，据预测，一个演员的行为，谁是注意力的焦点，凭借一些突出的身体属性将被观察者归因于更多的性格原因，而不是情景原因比将一个不太突出的演员的行为。物理显著性的操纵是基于客体知觉中图形强调的完形法则。它们包括亮度（研究I），运动（研究II），模式复杂性（研究III）和上下文新奇（研究IV和V）。结果表明，演员的环境盐碱化（即，在场的其他人）而不是行动者他/她自己的显著性对因果归因的影响最为一致。当环境显著性高时，行为归因于相对更多的情境比当它是低的。先前的研究结果被认为是在一个演员的行为的因果归因的命题，只与他/herenadherment的显着性变化，并建议这种现象的其他影响。一些模糊的应用格式塔原则的感知的人进行了讨论。
Based on Jones and Nisbett's (1972) proposition that actor-observer differences in causal attributions derive from differences in attentional focus, it was hypothesized that observers' focus of attention would influence their causal attributions for an actor's behavior. More specifically, it was predicted that the behavior of an actor who was the focus of attention by virtue of some salient physical attribute would be attributed by observers more to dispositional causes and less to situational causes than would the behavior of a less physically salient actor. The manipulations of physical salience were based upon Gestalt laws of figural emphasis in object perception. They included brightness (Study I), motion (Study II), pattern complexity (Study III), and contextual novelty (Studies IV and V). The results revealed that the salinece of the actors' environments (i.e., the other people present) rather than the salience of the actor him/herself had the most consistent influence on causal attributions. When environmental salience was high, behavior was attributed relatively more situationally than when it was low. Prior research findings are considered in light of the proposition that causal attributions for an actor's behavior vary only with the salience of his/herenvironment, and additional implications of this phenomenon are suggested. Some ambiguities in the application of Gestalt principles to the perception of people are discussed.