Factors controlling the thermo-mechanical deformation of oil shales: Implications for compaction of mudstones and exploitation
Factors controlling the thermo-mechanical deformation of oil shales: Implications for compaction of mudstones and exploitation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.02.007
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发表时间：
2006-08
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
E. Eseme;R. Littke;B. Krooss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Eseme;R. Littke;B. Krooss
六个二叠纪至中新世富含有机质的泥岩进行了无侧限压缩试验下的三个热-力学制度。本研究的目的是评估控制变形的因素的作用，并强调泥岩压实和油页岩开采的影响。轴向应变在25°C（5.3- 70 MPa）下为1.9%-23%，在25-310°C（31- 42 MPa）下为12-79%，在25-350°C（0- 8 MPa）下为1.38-40%。轴向应变数据表明，控制泥岩压实的主要因素是温度，有效应力的作用次之。在高温试验期间，蒙脱石在94-150°C区间的脱水导致明显的轴向应变效应。有机物和其他矿物质的分解仅在280°C以上引起可见的应变。高达350°C的测试导致4.54-43.8wt%的质量损失，其中1.1-8wt%是由于有机物质。生烃指数（4.6-55.8%）与排烃效率（38.6-96.2%）之间存在较强的正相关关系，压实指数（0.68-51.4%）与轴向应变（1.38-40%）之间存在较强的正相关关系。干酪根生成石油造成的固体体积损失（2.55-12.15%）导致孔隙度增加（1.56-6.36%）。为了优化油页岩开采的产率，需要低速率加热和低加热温度。
Six Permian to Miocene organic matter-rich mudstones were subjected to unconfined compression tests under three thermo-mechanical regimes. The aims of this study were to assess the role of factors that control deformation and highlight implications for mudstone compaction and oil shale exploitation. Axial strain ranged from 1.9% to 23% at 25°C (5.3–70MPa), 12–79% at 25–310°C (31–42MPa) and 1.38–40% at 25–350°C (0–8MPa). The axial strain data showed that the principal factor controlling mudstone compaction is temperature with a secondary role for effective stress. During high-temperature tests, dehydration of smectite in the 94–150°C interval resulted in a distinct axial strain effect. Decomposition of organic matter and other minerals caused visible strain only above 280°C. Tests up to 350°C resulted in mass loss of 4.54–43.8wt% with 1.1–8wt% due to organic matter. A strong positive correlation was found between the petroleum generation indices (4.6–55.8%) and expulsion efficiencies (38.6–96.2%) while compaction (0.68–51.4%) correlated with axial strain (1.38–40%). Solid volume loss (2.55–12.15%) due to petroleum generation from kerogen resulted in an increase in porosity (1.56–6.36%). Low rate heating and low retorting temperature are necessary to optimise yield from oil shale exploitation.