Structured Parenting of Toddlers at High Versus Low Genetic Risk: Two Pathways to Child Problems
Structured Parenting of Toddlers at High Versus Low Genetic Risk: Two Pathways to Child Problems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b8bfc0
复制
发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Reiss, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leve, Leslie D.;Harold, Gordon T.;Reiss, David
目的：父母教养方式如何抵消遗传风险以防止儿童在蹒跚学步期间出现问题，目前还知之甚少。我们使用前瞻性收养设计来分离遗传和环境的影响，并测试结构化父母养育和幼儿行为问题之间的联系是否受到精神病理学遗传风险的影响。方法：样本包括290对关联养父母和95对关联生父。遗传风险通过生母和生父的精神病理学(焦虑、抑郁、反社会和药物使用)进行评估。通过对养母在清理任务中的行为进行微社会编码，评估了结构化育儿。幼儿行为问题用儿童行为检查表进行评估。结果：控制9个月时的气质危险，生母心理病理与养母养育方式在18个月时对幼儿行为问题存在交互作用。这种互动表明了导致儿童问题的两条途径：结构化的父母教育对遗传风险较高的幼儿有利，但与遗传风险较低的幼儿的行为问题有关。这种交叉互动模式被复制，生父精神病作为遗传风险的指标。结论：结构化父母教养方式对幼儿行为问题的影响因遗传风险而异。处于遗传风险中的儿童可能会从幼儿时期的父母干预中受益，这种干预加强了结构化的父母教育。上午1：00阿卡德。青春期儿童。精神病学，2009；48(11)：1102-1109。
Objective: Little is known about how parenting might offset genetic risk to prevent the onset of child problems during toddlerhood. We used a prospective adoption design to separate genetic and environmental influences and test whether associations between structured parenting and toddler behavior problems were conditioned by genetic risk for psychopathology. Method: The sample included 290 linked sets of adoptive families and birth mothers and 95 linked birth fathers. Genetic risk was assessed via birth mother and birth father psychopathology (anxiety, depression, antisociality, and drug use). Structured parenting was assessed via microsocial coding of adoptive mothers' behavior during a cleanup task. Toddler behavior problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: Controlling for temperamental risk at 9 months, there was an interaction between birth mother psychopathology and adoptive mothers' parenting on toddler behavior problems at 18 months. The interaction indicated two pathways to child problems: structured parenting was beneficial for toddlers at high genetic risk but was related to behavior problems for toddlers at low genetic risk. This crossover interaction pattern was replicated with birth father psychopathology as the index of genetic risk. Conclusions: The effects of structured parenting on toddler behavior problems varied as a function of genetic risk. Children at genetic risk might benefit from parenting interventions during toddlerhood that enhance structured parenting. J Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2009;48(11):1102-1109.