Integrated strategies for durable rice blast resistance in sub-Saharan Africa.
Integrated strategies for durable rice blast resistance in sub-Saharan Africa.
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DOI：
10.1094/pdis-03-21-0593-fe
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Samuel Mutiga;F. Rotich;V. Were;J. Kimani;D. Mwongera;E. Mgonja;G. Onaga;K. Konaté;Claudine Razanaboahirana;J. Bigirimana;A. Ndayiragije;E. Gichuhi;Mary Jeanie Telebacnco-Yanoria;Miriam Otipa;L. Wasilwa;I. Ouédraogo;Thomas K. Mitchell;Guo‐Liang Wang;J. Correll;Nick Talbot
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文献类型：
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作者：
Samuel Mutiga;F. Rotich;V. Were;J. Kimani;D. Mwongera;E. Mgonja;G. Onaga;K. Konaté;Claudine Razanaboahirana;J. Bigirimana;A. Ndayiragije;E. Gichuhi;Mary Jeanie Telebacnco-Yanoria;Miriam Otipa;L. Wasilwa;I. Ouédraogo;Thomas K. Mitchell;Guo‐Liang Wang;J. Correll;Nick Talbot
水稻是非洲重要的粮食保障作物。稻米的重要性促使各国、区域和多国不断努力开发种质资源，并采取政策举措提高产量，使非洲大陆更加粮食安全。目前，在撒哈拉以南非洲大部分地区，这种至关重要的谷类作物主要由小农在次优条件下种植。稻瘟病是由稻瘟病真菌引起的，是非洲小规模农业系统下水稻生产的主要生物限制之一，因此发展持久的抗病能力至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了一项跨国合作研究在提高整个SSA的可持续水稻生产方面取得的主要进展，以及区域政策进展对其的影响。作为多国努力的一部分，我们强调联合国际伙伴关系的重要性，通过综合研究和外展计划解决多种作物生产的制约因素。更具体地说，我们强调了最近在建立稻瘟病监测、农民参与、监测病原体毒力谱和建立基于区域的稻瘟病抗性育种计划的国际网络方面取得的进展。为了开发抗稻瘟病的高产水稻品种，我们建立了一个育种管道，利用病原体多样性和毒力谱的实时数据，鉴定主要和次要的抗稻瘟病基因，以引入当地适应的水稻品种。此外，该项目还制定了一揽子计划，通过定期与利益攸关方接触、培训农业推广人员和建立植物诊所，支持可持续水稻生产。
Rice is a key food security crop in Africa. The importance of rice has led to increasing country-specific, regional and multinational efforts to develop germplasm and policy initiatives to boost production for a more food secure continent. Currently, this critically important cereal crop is predominantly cultivated by small-scale farmers under sub-optimal conditions in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, represents one of the major biotic constraints to rice production under small-scale farming systems of Africa, and developing durable disease resistance is therefore of critical importance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances by a multinational collaborative research effort to enhance sustainable rice production across SSA and how it is affected by advances in regional policy. As part of the multinational effort, we highlight the importance of joint international partnerships in tackling multiple crop production constraints through integrated research and outreach programs. More specifically, we highlight recent progress in establishing international networks for rice blast disease surveillance, farmer engagement, monitoring pathogen virulence spectra, and the establishment of regionally-based blast resistance breeding programs. To develop blast resistant, high yielding rice varieties for Africa, we have established a breeding pipeline that utilizes real-time data of pathogen diversity and virulence spectra, to identify major and minor blast resistance genes for introgression into locally adapted rice cultivars. In addition, the project has developed a package to support sustainable rice production through regular stakeholder engagement, training of agricultural extension officers, and establishment of plant clinics.