WHO and UNICEF estimates of national infant immunization coverage: methods and processes
WHO and UNICEF estimates of national infant immunization coverage: methods and processes
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DOI：
10.2471/blt.08.053819
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Birmingham, Maureen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burton, Anthony;Monasch, Roeland;Birmingham, Maureen
卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会（儿童基金会）每年审查免疫接种覆盖率数据，以估计下列疫苗例行服务的全国覆盖率：卡介苗;白喉-破伤风-百日咳，第一剂和第三剂;口服小儿麻痹症疫苗或灭活小儿麻痹症疫苗，第三剂; B型肝炎，第三剂; B型流感嗜血杆菌，第三剂;以及一剂单独用于麻疹或以组合疫苗形式的含麻疹病毒疫苗。这些估计数是根据各国政府提交给世卫组织和儿童基金会的报告作出的，并以已发表的和灰色文献的调查结果作为补充。咨询当地专家，主要是国家免疫系统管理人员以及卫生组织/儿童基金会区域和国家工作人员，以获得关于具体免疫系统执行情况的更多信息。估计数是通过对现有数据进行逐国审查得出的，这些数据受到一套统计学的影响和限制;没有使用统计或数学模型。编制概算草案，送交国家当局审查和提出意见，并根据其反馈意见进行修改。虽然最后估计数可能与报告的数据没有差别，但它们是卫生组织和儿童基金会对国家免疫系统业绩的独立技术评估。从1980年起，这些国别估计数每年更新。
WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) annually review data on immunization coverage to estimate national coverage with routine service delivery of the following vaccines: bacille Calmette-Guerin; diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, first and third doses; either oral polio vaccine or inactivated polio vaccine, third dose of either; hepatitis B, third dose; Haemophilus influenzae type b, third dose; and a measles virus-containing vaccine, either for measles alone or in the form of a combination vaccine, one dose. The estimates are based on government reports submitted to WHO and UNICEF and are supplemented by survey results from the published and grey literature. Local experts, primarily national immunization system managers and WHO/UNICEF regional and national staff, are consulted for additional information on the performance of specific immunization systems. Estimates are derived through a country-by-country review of available data informed and constrained by a set of heuristics; no statistical or mathematical models are used. Draft estimates are made, sent to national authorities for review and comment and modified in light of their feedback. While the final estimates may not differ from reported data, they constitute an independent technical assessment by WHO and UNICEF of the performance of national immunization systems. These country-specific estimates, available from 1980 onward, are updated annually.