BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COSMIC RADIATION IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COSMIC RADIATION IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT
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DOI：
10.1142/s0217751x02011217
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发表时间：
2002-05
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
M. Durante
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Durante
空间探索对载人任务机组人员的健康构成危害。暴露于宇宙辐射和骨密度损失被认为是长期任务的两个最重要的危险因素。宇宙辐射照射产生的随机风险可以用物理剂量计估算，并使用适当的换算系数。最近对空间辐射通量和能谱的测量将改进目前的估计。生物剂量法可以作为一种工具来确定直接来自生物损伤的风险。宇航员外周血淋巴细胞的染色体畸变已被用作癌症风险的生物标志物。本文还将讨论辐射损伤的对策，重点讨论空间屏蔽问题。
Space exploration poses health hazards to the crews of manned missions. Exposure to cosmic radiation and loss of bone density are considered the two most important risk factors for long-term missions. Stochastic risk deriving from cosmic radiation exposure can be estimated by physical dosimeters, using appropriate conversion factors. Recent measurements of space radiation fluence and energy spectra will improve current estimates. Biological dosimetry can be used as a tool to determine the risk directly from biological damage. Chromosomal aberrations in astronauts' peripheral blood lymphocytes have been used as a biomarker of cancer risk. In this paper we will also discuss countermeasures to radiation damage, focusing on the problem of shielding in space.