Circadian endocrine rhythms: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its actions
Circadian endocrine rhythms: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its actions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/nyas.12464
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kino, Tomoshige
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicolaides, Nicolas C.;Charmandari, Evangelia;Kino, Tomoshige
面对随机的外部或内部变化（压力源），压力系统有效地恢复了生物体的内部平衡或稳态。这个高度复杂的系统通过协调激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴和蓝斑/去甲肾上腺素自主神经系统，帮助生物体提供一系列对应激物的神经内分泌反应-应激反应。除了压力外，生活还受到地球24小时自转造成的每日光/暗变化的影响。为了适应这些周期性的昼夜循环，生物钟系统采用转录因子昼夜运动输出周期kaput/脑-肌肉-arnt样蛋白1（CLOCK/BMAL 1）的异二聚体，沿着一组其他转录因子，来调节基因表达的昼夜模式。有趣的是，应激系统通过HPA轴与生物钟系统沟通;因此，任何解偶联或失调都可能导致多种疾病，如代谢障碍、自身免疫性疾病和情绪障碍。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这两个系统的生物学功能，它们的相互作用，以及它们的失调或解偶联的临床意义。
The stress system effectively restores the internal balance-or homeostasis-of living organisms in the face of random external or internal changes, the stressors. This highly complex system helps organisms to provide a series of neuroendocrine responses to stressors-the stress response-through coordinated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine autonomic nervous systems. In addition to stressors, life is influenced by daily light/dark changes due to the 24-h rotation of Earth. To adjust to these recurrent day/night cycles, the biological clock system employs the heterodimer of transcription factors circadian locomotor output cycle kaput/brain-muscle-arnt-like protein 1 (CLOCK/BMAL1), along with a set of other transcription factors, to regulate the circadian pattern of gene expression. Interestingly, the stress system, through the HPA axis, communicates with the clock system; therefore, any uncoupling or dysregulation could potentially cause several disorders, such as metabolic, autoimmune, and mood disorders. In this review, we discuss the biological function of the two systems, their interactions, and the clinical implications of their dysregulation or uncoupling.